Chapter 5

Front 1

Anticipate

Back 1

an‧tic‧i‧pate [transitive]

1to expect that something will happen and be ready for it:
Sales are better than anticipated.

anticipate changes/developments
The schedule isn't final, but we don't anticipate many changes.

anticipate problems/difficulties
We don't anticipate any problems.

A good speaker is able to anticipate an audience's needs and concerns.

Front 2

Breakthrough

Back 2

break‧through [countable] an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time.

breakthrough in
Scientists have made a major breakthroughin the treatment of cancer.

Front 3

Flexibility

Back 3

flex‧i‧bil‧i‧ty [uncountable] the ability to change or be changed easily to suit a different situation:
Employees expect flexibility in the workplace.

2.the ability to bend or be bent easily:
Stretching exercises will help your flexibility.

Front 4

In sum

Back 4

formal used before a statement that gives the main information about something in a few simple words:

In sum, soul music is important to the record industry.

Front 5

Likelihood

Back 5

like‧li‧hood [singular, uncountable]

1the degree to which something can reasonably be expected to happen [= probability]
likelihood of
Using a seatbelt will reduce the likelihood of serious injury in a car accident.

little/lower/high/greater etc likelihood
There was very little likelihood of her getting the job.

likelihood (that)
They must face the likelihood that the newspaper might go bankrupt.

Front 6

One thing leads to another

Back 6

lead past tense and past participle led

cause something to happen
[intransitive and transitive]to cause something to happen or cause someone to do something
lead to
the events that led to the start of the First World War

A degree in English could lead to a career in journalism

Front 7

Pursue

Back 7

pur‧sue [transitive]


1to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time [↪ pursuit]:
She plans topursueacareerin politics.

Students shouldpursuetheir owninterests, as well as do their school work.

Front 8

Spare

Back 8

1.extra
spare key/battery/clothes etc
a key etc that you keep in addition to the one you usually use, so that it is available if the one you usually use breaks, gets lost etc:
a spare key

Bring a towel and some spare clothes.

a supply of spare batteries

a spare tyre

2.Time
spare time/moment/hour etc
time when you are not working:
What do you do in your spare time?

Eric spent every spare moment he had in the library

Front 9

Strenuous

Back 9

stren‧u‧ous
1. needing a lot of effort or strength:
a strenuous climb

The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.

Front 10

Take up

Back 10

take-up [uncountable]British English
the rate at which people accept something that is offered to them:
Take-up for college places has been slow.

Front 11

Volunteer

Back 11

vol‧un‧teer [countable]

1 [intransitive and transitive]to offer to do something without expecting any reward, often something that other people do not want to do
volunteer to do something

Helen volunteered to have Thanksgiving at her house this year