Chapter 5

Front 1

General Howe

Back 1

a key British commander during the American Revolution. Howe led took command of British forces in American in 1775

Front 2

General Washington

Back 2

the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775 to 1799

Front 3

Stamp Act

Back 3

a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London and carrying an embossed revenue stamp.

Front 4

Sugar Act

Back 4

reduced the rate of tax on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon, while Grenville took measures that the duty be strictly enforced.

Front 5

Virginina Resolves

Back 5

series of resolutions passed by the Virginia General Assembly in response to the Stamp Act of 1765.

Front 6

Earl of Bute

Back 6

a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762–1763) under George III, and was arguably the last important favourite in British politics.

Front 7

Lord Rockingham

Back 7

a British Whig statesman, most notable for his two terms as Prime Minister of Great Britain. He became the patron of many Whigs and served as a leading Whig grandee.

Front 8

William Pitt

Back 8

a British politician of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Front 9

Charles Townshend

Back 9

a British politician

Front 10

Quartering Act

Back 10

Required the colonies to house soldiers in barracks, taverns, and vacant buildings and to provide the army with firewood, candles, and beer, among other items.

Front 11

Lord Hillsborough

Back 11

England’s secretary for American affairs.

Front 12

Thomas Hutchinson

Back 12

royal governor of MA and loyalist.

Front 13

“Christian Sparta”

Back 13

an ideal commonwealth in which vigilant citizens would constantly guard against the spread of corruption, degeneracy, and luxury.

Front 14

committee’s of correspondence

Back 14

a committee that communicated grievances to villagers throughout MA.

Front 15

Tea Act

Back 15

passed by Parliament to lower the price of tea to save Britain’s largest business, the East India Company, from possible bankruptcy.

Front 16

Gaspee Incident

Back 16

When in the summer of 1772 a group of disguised Rhode Islanders burned a customs vessel.

Front 17

Coercive Act

Back 17

referred to as the intolerable acts in America. 1. closed the port of boston until the city fully compensated for the East India Company for the lost tea. 2. restructured the MA govt. by transforming the upper house from an elective to an appointed bodyand restricting the number of town meetings to one a year.3. allowed the royal governor to transfer British officals arrested for offenses committed in the line of duty to England.4. authorized the army to quarter troops wherever they were needed.

Front 18

Townshend Acts

Back 18

a scheme that turned out to be a grab bag of duties on American imports of paper, glass, paint, lead, and tea. Passed to hopefully generate sufficient funds to pay the salaries of royal governors and other imperial officers, thus freeing them from dependence on he colonial assemblies.

Front 19

Thomas Paine

Back 19

A patriot that was born in England and supported the fight for independence in his writings.

Front 20

Common Sense

Back 20

An essay written by Thomas Paine that encouraged independence from Britain.

Front 21

American Crisis

Back 21

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that discussed the issues of the revolution.

Front 22

John Locke

Back 22

"Two Treatises on Government” - Stated that all people possessed natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that civil government should be based on agreements that required the consent of the governed. It also justified rebellion against a government that abuses rights.

Front 23

Public Virtue

Back 23

Sacrifice of self-interest to the public good.

Front 24

George Grenville

Back 24

Replaced Bute in 1763 as the king's first minister.

Front 25

Patrick Henry

Back 25

Virginian patriot that created the Virginia Resolves

Front 26

“Sons of Liberty”

Back 26

Secret organization of American colonists that formed after the passing of the Stamp Act and organized boycotts of British goods.

Front 27

William Pitt

Back 27

The minister of George II's cabinet that took command of the military and navy during the Seven Year's War.

Front 28

The Massachusetts Circular Letter

Back 28

Letter drafted by the Massachusetts House of Representatives that would circulate through colonial assemblies, asking for suggestions to thwarting the Townshend duties.

Front 29

Trenton

Back 29

The Battle of Trenton took place on December 26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, after General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton, New Jersey

Front 30

Saratoga

Back 30

The Battles of Saratoga, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) conclusively decided the fate of British General John Burgoyne's army in the American Revolutionary War (known outside the US as the American War of Independence) and are generally regarded as a turning point in the war

Front 31

Charleston

Back 31

capital of south carolina

Front 32

Camden

Back 32

City of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. It is located across the Delaware River

Front 33

Yorktown

Back 33

The Battle of Yorktown in 1781 with the British, Americans and French - the Americans under General Washington.

Front 34

Valley Forge

Back 34

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania was the site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778

Front 35

General Cornwallis

Back 35

General Cornwallis helped outflank the Americans and force them from New York

Front 36

General Burgoyne

Back 36

a British army officer, politician and dramatist