Chapter 5

Front 1

Olive Branch Petition

Back 1

it proclaimed that the british government had left the american people with only two alternatives, "unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritaited ministers or resistance by force".

Front 2

Prohibitory Act

Back 2

closed the colonies to all overseas trade and made concessions to american demands except an offer to pardon repenant rebels.

Front 3

Common Sense

Back 3

its author was Thomas Paine. he wanted to turn the anger of americans away from the specific parliamentary measures they were resisting and toward what he considered the root of the problem- the English constitution itself.

Front 4

Declaration of Independence

Back 4

Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Declaration and inspired Benjamin Franklin and John Adams with the rest of the document. The Declaration included ideas about God given rights and natural rights entitled to men. They used this reasoning to justify their separation from Great Britain. The committee also included a list of grievances which gave the document an emotional appeal to the readers.

Front 5

Thomas Jefferson

Back 5

a thirty-three year old delegate from Virginia who wrote most of The Declaration of Independence.

Front 6

George Mason

Back 6

"all men are created equal"
helped movements of liberation and reform of many kinds in the united states and abroad.

Front 7

Continental Congress

Back 7

a coordinating mechanism

Front 8

Articles of Confederation

Back 8

they did little more than confirm the weak, decentralized system already in operation.

Front 9

George Washington

Back 9

A new general emerged which was George Washington. General George Washington had more experience than any other born soldiers in the colonies. He was a war hero and led the colonies to victory alongside foreign allies.

Front 10

Bunker Hill (battle)

Back 10

the patriots suffered severe casualties in the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775 and were driven out of their position there. but they inflicted much greater losses on the enemy who suffered their heaviest casualties of the entire war at Bunker Hill.

Front 11

General Thomas Gage

Back 11

Commanded the British garrison. After the British withdrew from Lexington and Concord, American forces besieged the army of General Thomas Gage.

Front 12

Hessians

Back 12

Hessians (German mercenaries) were stationed at Trenton on the Delaware River. Washington surprised the British troops, drove them out, and scattered the Hessians.

Front 13

Lord Cornwallis

Back 13

Clinton's choice as British commander in the south. crushed a Patriot force under Horatio Gates

Front 14

Natahnael Greene

Back 14

Nathanael Greene was a Quaker and former blacksmith from Rhode Island. He was the most able general aside from Washington. At Yorktown the last of major battles were fought.

Front 15

John Jay

Back 15

John Jay was chief justice of the United States Supreme Court and a staunch New York Federalist. He was instructed to demand compensation from the seized ships and to negotiate a new commercial treaty.

Front 16

Treaty of Paris 1783

Back 16

The British and the Americans came to term and, created the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783. The independence of the colonies was granted and the last of the British forces left the colonies.

Front 17

Women during Wartime

Back 17

a

Front 18

Abigail

Back 18

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Front 19

Civic Virtue

Back 19

the concept of equality was crucial. the ideal of the small freeholder was basic to American political ideology.

Front 20

Ordinance of 1784

Back 20

divided the western territory into ten self-governing districts and each could petition Congress for statehood when its population equaled the number of free inhabitants of the smallest exsisting state.

Front 21

Northwest Ordinance

Back 21

created a single Northwest territory out of the north lands of Ohio; the territory could be divided subsequently into between three and five territories. also, specified a population of 60,000 as a minimum for statehood, guaranteed freedom of religion and the right to trial by jury too residents of the Northwest, and prohibited slavery throughout the territory.

Front 22

Shay’s Rebellion

Back 22

an uprising of debtors led by Daniel Shay to close down courts so that debtors could not go to jail. they used force and terror tokeep the debtors from going to jail. eventually Danial Shay is pardoned.