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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adult stage |
From about age 20 to the end of the childbearing yrs, usually by age 50 for women and later for men |
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Aging |
The process of maturation |
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Allen’s rule |
The principal that an animal & rsquo limb lengths are heat-related; limbs are longer in hot environments & shorter in cold environments |
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Anthropometry |
Measurements of the human body |
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Basal metabolic rate |
The rate at which an organism & rsquo;s body while at rest, expends energy to maintain basic bodily functions; measured by the amount of heat given off per kilogram of body weight |
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Basal metabolic requirement |
The minimum amount of energy needed to keep an organism alive |
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Bergmann’s requo;s rule |
The principle that an animal & rsquo; size is heat-related; smaller bodies are adapted to hot environments, & larger bodies are adapted to cold environments |
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Bone mass |
Bone matter |
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Cline |
A gradual change in some phenotypic characteristic from one pop to the next |
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Cognition abilities |
Refers to the capacity of the brain to perceive, process, and judge info from the surrounding environment |
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Deciduous dentition |
Also known as baby teeth or milk teeth, this is the first set of teeth, which form in utero and erupt shortly after birth |
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Diaphyses |
The main midsection,or shaft, portions of long bones; each contains a medullary cavity |
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Epiphyses |
The end portions of long bones; once they fuse to the diaphyses, the bones stop growing longer |
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Functional adaptations |
Biological changes that occur during an individual & rsquo;s lifetime, increasing the individual & rsquo;s fitness in the given environment |
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Growth velocity |
The speed of with which an organism grows in size, often measured as the amount of growth per yr |
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Homeostasis |
The maintenance of the internal environments of an organism within an acceptable range |
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Homeothermic |
Refer to an organism and ability to maintain a constant body temp despite great variations in environmental temp. |
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Hypercholesterolemia |
The presence of high levels of cholesterol in an organism & blood; this condition may result from the dietary consumption of foods that promote high cholesterol or through the inheritance of a genetic disorder |
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Hypothermia |
A condition in which an organism, body temp. Falls below the normal range, which may lead to the loss of proper body functions and, eventually death |
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Hypoxia |
Less than usual sea-level amount of oxygen in the air or in the body |
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Intrauterine |
Refers to the area within the uterus |
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Lactation |
The production and secretion of milk from female mammal’s mammary glands, providing a food source to the females young |
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Life history |
The timing and details of growth events and development events from conception through senescence and death |
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Macronutrients |
Essential chemical nutrients, including fat, carbohydrates, and protein, that a body needs to live and to function normally |
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Melanin |
A brown pigment that determines the darkness’s or lightness of a human, skin color due to its concentration in the skin |
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Melanocytes |
Melanin- producing cells located in the skin epidermis |
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Menarche |
Refers to the onset of menstruation in an adolescent females |
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Menopause |
The cessation is the menstrual cycle signifying the end of a female ability to bear children |
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Micronutrients |
Essential substances, such as minerals or vitamins, needed In very small amounts to maintain normal body functioning |
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Motor skills |
Refers to the performance of complex movements and actions that require the control of nerves and muscles |
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Nonmineralized |
Refers to the bone reduced to its organic component |
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Osteoblasts |
Bone- forming cells stimulated by physical activity |
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Osteoclasts |
Cells which remove bone mass in the absence of physical activity |
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Osteoporosis |
The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured |
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Postnatal stage |
From infancy to childhood to the juvenile period to adolescence to adulthood |
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Prenatal stage |
When differentiation and development of all the body organs occur |
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Rigidity (bone) |
Bone’s strength |
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Secular trend |
A phenotypic change due to multiple factors. Such trends can be positive (e.g., increased height) or negative( e.g., decreased hight) |
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Senescence |
Refers to an organism & biological changes in later adulthood |
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Sexual dimorphism |
A difference in a physical attribute b/w the males and females of a species |
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Skin reflectance |
Refers to the amount of light reflected from the skin that can be measured and used to asses skin color |
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Stressors |
Any factor that can cause stress in an organism, potentially affecting the body, proper functioning and it’s homeostasis |
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Sun protection factor (SPF) |
The rating calculated by comparing the length of time needed for protected skin to burn the length of time needed for unprotected skin to burn |
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Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) |
The # of calories used by an organism body during a 24-hour period |
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Type 2 diabetes |
A disease In which the body does not produce sufficient amounts of insulin or the cells do not use available insulin, causing a buildup of glucose in the cells |
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Vasoconstriction |
The decrease in blood vessels & diameter due to the action of a nerve or of a drug; it can also occur in response to cold temperatures. |
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Vasodilation |
The increase in blood vessels & diameter due to the action of a nerve or of a drug; it can also occur in response to hot temp. |
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Weaning |
The process of substituting other foods for the milk theoretically produced by the mother |
