Chapter 4...the Muscular System

Front 1

Bi-

Back 1

Twice

Double

Two

Front 2

-cele

Back 2

Hernia

Tumor

Swelling

Front 3

dys-

Back 3

Bad

Difficult

Painful

Front 4

Fasci/o

Back 4

Fascia

Fibrous Band

Front 5

Fibr/o

Back 5

Fibrous Tissue

Fiber

Front 6

-ia

Back 6

Abnormal condition

Disease

Plural of -ium

Front 7

-ic

Back 7

Pertaining to

Front 8

Kines/o

Kinesi/o

Back 8

Movement

Front 9

My/o

Back 9

Muscle

Front 10

-plegia

Back 10

Paralysis

Stroke

Front 11

-rrhexis

Back 11

Rupture

Front 12

Tax/o

Back 12

Coordination

Order

Front 13

Ten/o

Tend/o

Tendin/o

Back 13

Tendon

Stretch Out

Extend

Strain

Front 14

Ton/o

Back 14

Tone

Stretching

Tension

Front 15

Tri-

Back 15

Three

Front 16

Abduction

Back 16

The movement of a limb away from the body. During this movement, the arm moves outward away from the side of the body.

Front 17

Adduction

Back 17

The movement of a limb toward the midline of the body. During this movement, the arm moves inward toward the side of the body.

Front 18

Adhesion

Back 18

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

Front 19

Ataxia

Back 19

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

Front 20

Atonic

Back 20

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

Front 21

Atrophy

Back 21

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time.

Front 22

Bradykinesia

Back 22

Extreme slowness in movement.

Front 23

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Back 23

Swelling that creates pressure on the medium nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel.

Front 24

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Back 24

A disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia syndrome.

Front 25

Circumduction

Back 25

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Front 26

Contracture

Back 26

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

Front 27

Dorsiflexion

Back 27

The movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Front 28

Dyskinesia

Back 28

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement.

Front 29

Dystonia

Back 29

A condition of abnormal muscle tone.

Front 30

Electromyography

Back 30

A diagnostic test that measure the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Front 31

Epicondylitis

Back 31

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

Front 32

Ergonomics

Back 32

The study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

Front 33

Exercise Physiologist

Back 33

A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical test to promote physical fitness.

Front 34

Fascilitis

Back 34

Inflammation of a fascia.

Front 35

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Back 35

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms.

Front 36

Ganglion Cyst

Back 36

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

Front 37

Heel Spur

Back 37

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel.

Front 38

Hemiparesis

Back 38

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body.

Front 39

Hemiplegia

Back 39

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

Front 40

Hernia

Back 40

The protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it.

Front 41

Hyperkinesia

Back 41

Aka...Hyperactivity

Abnormally increased muscle function or activity.

Front 42

Hypotonia

Back 42

A condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

Front 43

Inpingement Syndrome

Back 43

Inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

Front 44

Insertion

Back 44

Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the origin, it is a more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body.

Front 45

Intermittent Claudication

Back 45

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

Front 46

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 46

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system.

Front 47

Myastenia Gravis

Back 47

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness or voluntary muscles.

Front 48

Myocele

Back 48

The herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

Front 49

Myoclonus

Back 49

The sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

Front 50

Myofascial release

Back 50

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Front 51

Myolysis

Back 51

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

Front 52

Myoparesis

Back 52

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

Front 53

Myorrhaphy

Back 53

Surgical suturing of a muscle.

Front 54

Neuromuscular

Back 54

A form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain.

Front 55

Nocturnal Myoclonus

Back 55

Jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep.

Front 56

Oblique

Back 56

Slanted or at an angle

Front 57

Paralysis

Back 57

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

Front 58

Paraplegia

Back 58

Paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body.

Front 59

Physiatrist

Back 59

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

Front 60

Plantar Fasciitis

Back 60

Inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

Front 61

Polymyositis

Back 61

Muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

Front 62

Pronation

Back 62

The act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

Front 63

Quadriplegia

Back 63

Paralysis of all four extremities.

Front 64

Range of Motion Testing

Back 64

A diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength.

Front 65

Sarcopenia

Back 65

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.

Front 66

Shin Splint

Back 66

Pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia.

Front 67

Singultus

Back 67

Aka...Hiccups

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristics of a hiccup sound with each spasm.

Front 68

Spasmodic Torticollis

Back 68

Aka...Wryneck

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

Front 69

Sphincter

Back 69

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. It is named for the passage involved.

Front 70

Sprain

Back 70

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrench or torn ligament.

Front 71

Tenodesis

Back 71

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone.

Front 72

Tenosynovitis

Back 72

Inflammation of the sheath around a tendon.

Front 73

Tenolysis

Back 73

Aka...Tendolysis

The release of a tendon from adhesions.

Front 74

Tenorrhaphy

Back 74

Surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon.

Front 75

Transverse

Back 75

A crosswise direction.