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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is respirations
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the process of gas exchange between the individual and the environment
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Respirations involves two components
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1 pulmonary ventilation or breathing: the movement of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs
2 Diffusion of the oxygen and CO2 between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries |
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what is the function of respiratory system
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*gas exchange
*oxygen from insired air diffuses from the alveoli in the lungs into the blood in pulmonary capillaries. CO2 produced during cell metabolism diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled the organs of the respiratory system facilitate this exchange and protect the body from foreign matter |
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the respiratory system is divided into 2 systems teh upper and the lower
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upper:the mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx
lower: trachea and lungs with the bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary capillary network, and pleural membranes |
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what is the larynx commonly called
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teh adams apple
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what is the respiratory membrane
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the alveolar and the capillary walls form this
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pleura
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thin double layer of tissue covering the outer surface of the lungs
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Ventilitaion of the lungs is accomplished through the act of breathing
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inspiration(inhalation) when air flows into the lungs
expiration(exhalation) as air moves out of the lungs |
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adequate ventilation depends on
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*clear airways
*an intact nervous system and respiratory center *an intct thoracic cavity capable od expanding and contracting *adequate pulmonary compliance and recoil |
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define the following intrapleural pressure,
intrapulmonary pressure, tidal volume, lung compliance |
*intrapleural pressure=pressure in teh pleural cavity
*intrapulmonary pressure=pressure within the lungs *tidal volume=degree of chest expansion during normal breathing *lung compliance=the expansibility or stretchability of lung tissue |
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factors afecting respiratory function
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age
environment lifestyle health status medications stress |
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RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS CAN BE ALTERED BY CONDITION THAT AFFECT
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*THE MOVEMENT OF AIR INTO OR OUT THE LUNGS
*THE DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN THE ALVEOLI AND THE PULMONARY CAPILLARIES *TEH TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN AND CO2 VIA THE BLOOS TO ABD FROM TEH TISSUE CELLS |
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THREE MAJOR ALTERATIONS IN RESPIRATIONS ARE hypoxia, altered breathing, and obstructed airway
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HYPOXIA=CONDITION OF INSUFFICIENT OXYGEN ANYWHERE IN THE BOALTERED BREATHING PATTERNS-RATE VOLUME, RYTHM AND RELATIVE EASE OR EFFORT OF RESPIRATIONS
*MAINTINIGN AN OPEN AIRWAY IS A NURSES RESP AND ONE THAT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION * |
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what is hypoventilation
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HYPOVENTILATION=INADEQUATE ALVEOLAR VENTILATION CAN LEAD TO HYPOXIA, CO2 USUALLY ACCUMULATES IN THE BLOOD CALLED HYPERCARBIA
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WHEN ASSESSING A PATIENTS OXYGENATION THE NURSE SHOULD
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USE ALL FOUR PHYSICAL EXAMINIATIONS TECHNIQUES, INSPECTION, PALPATION, PERCUSSION AND AUSCULATION
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WHAT IS SUCTIONING
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WHEN CLIENTS HAVE DIFFICLTY HANDLING THEIR SUCTION OR AN AIRWAY IS IN PLACE, SUCTIONING MAY BE NECESSARY TO CLEAR AIR PASSAGES, IT IS THROUGH A CATHETER EITHER AN OPEN TIPPED OR WHISTLE TIPPED
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INTERVENTION BY THE NURSE TO MAINTAIN THE NORMAL RESPIRATION
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*POSITIONING THE CLIENT TO ALLOW MAXIMUM CHEST EXPANSION
*ENCOURAGEING OR PROVIDING FREQUENT CHANGES IN POSITION *ENCOURAGING AMBULATION *IMPLEMENTING MEASURES THAT PROMOTE COMFORT SUCH AS GIVING PAIN MEDICINE |
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EXAMPLES OF NURSING INTERVENTION TO FACILITATE PULMONARY VENTILTIAON WILL INCLUDE
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ENSURING A PATENT AIRWAY
POSITIONING ENCOURAGE DEEP BREATHING AND COUGHING ENSURING HYDRATION |
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OROPHARYNGEAL, NASOPHARYNGEAL, AND ENDOTRACHEAL SUCTIONING
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OROPHARYGNEAL AND NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAYS ARE USED TO KEEP THE UPPER AIR PASAGE OPEN WHEN THEY MAY BECOME OBSTRUCTED BY SECRETION OR TONGUE OROPH-STIMULTE GAG REFLEX
NAOPHARY-TOLERATED BETTER BY ALERT CLIENTS ENDOTRACHEA;-MOST OCMMON INSERTED FOR CLEINTS WHO HAD GENERAL ANESTHIA TRACHEOTOMY-CLIENTS WHO NEED LONG TERM AIRWAY SUPPORT |
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WHAT ARE ARTIFICIAL AIRWAYS
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AIRWAYS ARE INSERTED TO MAINTAIN A PATENT AIR PASSAGE FOR CLIENTS WHOSE AIRWAYS HAS BECOME OBSTRUCTED
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