Chapter 47

Front 1

The circulatory system is made up of the _______ system and the ________ system.

Back 1

Cardivascular & Lymphatic

Front 2

___________- blood, heart, and blood vessels

Back 2

cardivascular system

Front 3

_________- lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels

Back 3

lymphatic system

Front 4

__________- muscular organ that pumps blood through intricate

Back 4

The heart

Front 5

___________-Tough, saclike membrane surround the heart

Back 5

Pericardium

Front 6

_________- Vertically divides the heart

Back 6

Septum

Front 7

_________- Upper chambers of the heart

Back 7

atria

Front 8

_________- Lower chambers of the heart

Back 8

ventricles

Front 9

________________- one way valve that separate the atria from the ventricles below them; flaps of tissues that open in one direction

Back 9

Atrioventricular valves

Front 10

The AV valve on the right side is the ____________________

Back 10

tricuspid valve

Front 11

The AV valve on the left side is the _______________ or ________________

Back 11

mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Front 12

________________________ – separate ventricles from large vessels on each side of the heart

Back 12

Semilunar valves

Front 13

the SL valve on the right side is the _______________

Back 13

pulmonary valve

Front 14

the SL valve on the left side is the _______

Back 14

aortic valve

Front 15

________________________- group of specialized heart-muscle cellslocated in the right atrium the spon taneously initiate their own electrical impulse and contract

Back 15

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Front 16

Sinoatrial (SA) node is usually called the ________ because it regulates the rate of contraction of the entire heart

Back 16

pacemaker

Front 17

_______________________- area of specialized tissues that relays the electrical impulse to muscle cells of the ventricles.

Back 17

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Front 18

the atrioventricular (AV) node is located in the __________ between the two atria

Back 18

septum

Front 19

___________- large, muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Back 19

Arteries

Front 20

the 3 layers of the arteries:
1.
2.
3.

Back 20

1. endothelial tissue (inner)
2. smooth muscle tissue (middle)
3. connective tissue (outer)

Front 21

the _______ is the body's largest artery

Back 21

aorta

Front 22

the aorta carries ___________ blood to all parts of the body (except the lungs)

Back 22

oxygenated

Front 23

from the aorta, blood flows through a network of smaller arteries, which divide into even smaller vessels called __________

Back 23

arterioles

Front 24

____________- tiny vessels where diffusion of gases and nutrients take place also connects the arteries to veins

Back 24

capillaries

Front 25

________- large blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

Back 25

veins

Front 26

_______- keep blood flowing in one direction

Back 26

valves

Front 27

how do the valves work

Back 27

1. Skeletal muscle contraction squeezes blood through veins
2. when the muscle relaxes, valves close

Front 28

the ________ is the body's largest vein

Back 28

vena cava

Front 29

the vena cava carries _____________ blood back to the heart

Back 29

deoxygenated

Front 30

capillaries merge to form bigger vessels called ___________, which unite to form a vein

Back 30

venules

Front 31

_____________- the force that blood exerts against the walls of a blood vessel

Back 31

blood pressure

Front 32

___________- the pressure when ventricles contract
(normal=____ mm of Hg)

Back 32

systolic pressure
120

Front 33

__________- the pressure when ventricles relax
(normal=____ mm Hg)

Back 33

diastolic pressure
80

Front 34

what is blood pressure layout

Back 34

systolic/ diastolic

Front 35

_______________________- blood pressure that is higher than normal, placing a strain on the walls of the arteries and increases the change that a vessel will burst

Back 35

hypertension

Front 36

when blood travels between the heart and the lungs

Back 36

pulmonary circulation

Front 37

when blood travels between the heart and all other body tissues except lungs

Back 37

systemic circulation

Front 38

when blood supplies to the heart itself

Back 38

coronary circulation

Front 39

_________________- a system which returns fluids that have collected in the tissues to the blood stream

Back 39

the lymphatic system

Front 40

excess fluid is know as ___________

Back 40

lymph

Front 41

like veins, lymph is moved through vessels by the squeezing of __________________

Back 41

skeletal muscles

Front 42

lymph passes through small organs known as ____________
-filters lymph, trapping forgein particles
- stores lymphocytes

Back 42

lymph nodes

Front 43

the functions of blood

Back 43

1. defends the body against diseases
2. transfers heat to the body surface
3. carry nutrients & oxygen to the cells
4. carry carbon dioxide & other waste away from the cell

Front 44

____________- white blood cells specialised to fight diseases

Back 44

lymphocytes

Front 45

___________-liquid medium; sticky, straw-colored fluid

Back 45

plasma

Front 46

plasma is about _____ water

Back 46

90%

Front 47

plasma carries dissolved ________, __________, _____________, & ___________

Back 47

vitamins, minerals, amino acids, glucose

Front 48

plasma carries hormones and brings wates from the cells to the __________ or _________ to be removed from the body

Back 48

kidney or lungs

Front 49

____________- red blood cells

Back 49

Erythrocytes

Front 50

erythrocytes are formed in the __________ of bones

Back 50

red marrow

Front 51

red blood cells transport ________ to cells in all parts of the body

Back 51

oxygen

Front 52

red blood cells synthesize the iron-containing protein ____________ which is the molecule that transports the oxygen

Back 52

hemoglobin

Front 53

red blood cell's ___________ and ___________ disintegrate during RBC formation: because they lack nuclei, RBCs cannot ________ and have a limited _____________ (120 to 130 days)

Back 53

cell nucleus, organelles, divide, survival period

Front 54

_____________- white blood cells that help the body fight against diseases

Back 54

leukocytes

Front 55

leukocytes are formed in the _______, _________, and _________

Back 55

red marrow, lymph nodes, spleen

Front 56

____________- white blood cells that engulf invading organisms

Back 56

phagocytes

Front 57

___________- proteins that help destroy substances that enter the body and causes diseases

Back 57

antibodies