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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hemolymph |
a fluid equivalent to blood in most invertebrates, occupying the hemocoel
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Blood (S and F) |
S: formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes) F: 1. transportation (RBC's and plasma) 2. defense (WBC's) 3. regulatory/homeostasis (plasma) 4. clotting (platelets) |
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Arteries |
carry blood away from the heart |
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Arterioles |
small arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries
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Veins |
- carry blood toward the heart
- those that carry blood against gravity have valves to keep blood flowing toward the heart |
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Venules |
small veins that receive blood from the capillaries
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Capillaries |
- microscopic vessels between arterioles and venules
- made of one layer of epithelial tissues - form beds where exchange |
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Atrium |
- smaller, thin-walled, sit atop the thick-walled, muscular ventricles
- receive blood from large veins and direct it into ventricles |
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Ventricle |
- right pushes blood only to the nearby lungs
- left pushes blood throughout the body (bigger) |
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Systemic Circuit |
- there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid, and this general body fluid is called hemolymph, which is not always in a vessel
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Pulmonary Circuit |
oxygen poor blood goes to the lungs to pick up oxygen (amphibians, reptiles, and mammals) |
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The Septum |
a partition separating two chambers, such as that between the nostrils or the chambers of the heart.
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Semilunar Valves |
each of a pair of valves in the heart, at the bases of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, consisting of three cusps or flaps that prevent the flow of blood back into the heart. |
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Atrioventricular Valves |
a valve in the heart through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. The valve between the left atrium and leftventricle is the mitral (bicuspid) valve; the right AV valve is the tricuspid valve. |
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Gas Exchange |
process that occurs in the capillaries |
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Diffusion |
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. |
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Breathing |
The process that ventilates the lungs |
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Circulatory System (S and F) |
S: 1. a circulatory fluid (hemolymph or blood) 2. a set of interconnecting vessels 3. a muscular pump (the heart) F: connects the fluid that surrounds cells with the organs that exchange gases, absorb nutrients and dispose of wastes |
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Closed Circulatory System |
- blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid - are more efficient at transporting circulatory fluids to tissues and cells |
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What are the three types of blood vessels? |
arteries, capillaries, and veins |
