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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Synapses |
Junction between two neurons or between a neuron and effector |
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Where are Neurotransmitters released from for Transmission to occur |
From synaptic vesicles in the synaptic terminals of a presynaptic neuron |
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What kind of Channel are most Neurotransmitter receptors |
Many are proteins that form ligand-gated |
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What are the steps in Synaptic Transmission |
1. Calcium enters the cell 2. Exocytosis occurs 3. Acetylcholine diffuses across cleft 4. Ach opens sodium ion channel 5. Sodium enters and depolarizes cell 6. Cholinesterase degrades acetylcholine |
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What are the two types of Graded Potentials in Postsynaptic Neurons |
1. Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential or EPSP 2. Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential or IPSP |
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What is Summation? |
When Graded Potentials can be added together |
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What are the two types of summation |
1. Spatial 2. Temporal |
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What is Spatial summation? |
1. Stimulate two places on neuron at same time |
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What is temporal summation? |
1. Stimulate same place twice |
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What does a spatial summation do to a membrane potential? |
1. Increases it above resting potential 2.. Actual membrane potential is sum of both disturbances |
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What does the temporal summation do to a membrane potential? |
1. Increases in membrane potential above resting potential 2. Actual membrane potential is sum of both disturbances |
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What happens to membrane potential if there is a subthreshold? |
1. It increases the membrane potential but not enough to get it across the threshold |
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What happens to membrane potential if there is Spatial summation of EPSP and IPSP? |
There is a small increase in membrane potential but not enough to get it across the threshold |
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What are the three types of Neural Circuits? |
1. Covergence 2. Divergence 3. Reverberation |
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What is a Covergence Neural Circuit? |
1. Single Neuron is controlled by converging signals from two or more presynaptic neurons 2. Permits the CNS to integrate incoming information from various sources |
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What is a divergence Neural circuit? |
1. Single presynaptic neuron stimulates many postsynaptic neurons 2. Allows widespread effect |
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What is a Reverberation Neural Circuit? |
1. A neuron ends up sending a signal to itself |
