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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. During vomiting, there is: a. forceful diaphragm and abdominalmuscle contractions, airway closure,esophageal sphincter relaxation, and deepinspiration. b. deep inspiration, airway closure, forceful diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions,and esophageal sphincter relaxation. c. airway closure, forceful diaphragm andabdominal muscle contractions, deep inspiration,and esophageal sphincter relaxation. d. esophageal sphincter relaxation, forcefuldiaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions,deep inspiration, and airway closure. |
b. deep inspiration, airway closure, forceful diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractions, and esophageal sphincter relaxation. |
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2. IBS: a. is a structural disorder. b. manifests diarrhea when colonic transit is delayed. c. can be cured by using laxatives. d. is related to dysregulation of the “brain-gutaxis.” |
d. is related to dysregulation of the “brain-gut axis.” |
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3. Osmotic diarrhea is caused by:
a. lactase deficiency. b. bacterial enterotoxins. c. ulcerative colitis. d. Crohn disease. e. Both c and d are correct. |
a. lactase deficiency.
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4. Melena is:
a. bloody vomitus. b. gaseous bowel distention. c. blood in the stool. d. loss of appetite. e. black, tarry stools. |
e. black, tarry stools.
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5. A common manifestation of hiatal hernia is:
a. gastroesophageal reflux. b. diarrhea. c. belching. d. postprandial substernal pain. e. Both a and d are correct. |
e. Both a and d are correct.
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6. Gastroesophageal reflux is: a. caused by rapid gastric emptying. b. excessive lower esophageal sphincter functioning. c. associated with abdominal surgery. d. caused by spontaneously relaxing lower esophageal sphincter. |
d. caused by spontaneously relaxing lower esophageal sphincter. |
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7. Intestinal obstruction causes:
a. decreased intraluminal tension. b. hyperkalemia. c. decreased nutrient absorption. d. Both a and b are correct. e. a, b, and c are correct. |
c. decreased nutrient absorption.
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8. Peptic ulcers may be located in the:
a. stomach. b. esophagus. c. duodenum. d. colon. e. a, b, and c are correct. |
e. a, b, and c are correct.
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9. Gastric ulcers: a. may lead to malignancy. b. occur at a younger age than duodenal ulcers. c. always have increased acid production. d. exhibit nocturnal pain. e. Both a and c are correct. |
a. may lead to malignancy. |
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10. Duodenal ulcers: a. occur four times more often in females than inmales. b. may be complicated by hemorrhage. c. are associated with sepsis. d. may cause inflammation and scar tissue formation around the sphincter of Oddi. |
b. may be complicated by hemorrhage. |
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11. In malabsorption syndrome, flatulence and abdominal distention are likely caused by: a. protein deficiency and electrolyte imbalance. b. undigested lactose fermentation by bacteria. c. fat irritating the bowel. d. impaired absorption of amino acids and accompanying edema. |
b. undigested lactose fermentation by bacteria. |
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12. The characteristic lesion of Crohn disease is: a. found in the ileum. b. precancerous. c. granulomatous. d. malignant. e. Both a and c are correct. |
e. Both a and c are correct. |
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13. Low-residue diets and chronic constipation play arole in the pathogenesis of:
a. appendicitis. b. diverticulitis. c. ulcerative colitis. d. Crohn disease. e. cholecystitis. |
b. diverticulitis.
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14. A 14-year-old boy has been admitted to the emergency room with acute-onset abdominal painin the lower right quadrant. Abdominal rebound tenderness is intense, and he has a fever and leukocytosis. This individual most likely is sufferingfrom: a. acute appendicitis. b. diverticulitis. c. ulcerative colitis. d. cholelithiasis. e. cholecystitis. |
a. acute appendicitis. |
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15. Leptin:
a. promotes insulin resistance. b. binds to insulin receptors. c. suppresses hunger/appetite at the hypothalamus. d. a, b, and c are correct. e. None of the above is correct. |
c. suppresses hunger/appetite at the hypothalamus.
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16. Short-term starvation involves:
a. glycogenolysis. b. gluconeogenesis. c. proteolysis. d. Both a and b are correct. e. a, b, and c are correct. |
d. Both a and b are correct.
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17. The most common manifestation of portal hypertension is: a. rectal bleeding. b. cirrhosis. c. intestinal bleeding. d. duodenal bleeding. e. vomiting of blood from esophageal bleeding. |
e. vomiting of blood from esophageal bleeding. |
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18. Hepatic encephalopathy is manifested by:
a. ascites. b. splenomegaly. c. dark urine. d. oliguria. e. cerebral dysfunction. |
e. cerebral dysfunction.
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19. Which would be consistent with a diagnosis of viral hepatitis? (More than one answer may be correct.) a. elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) serum enzymes b. decreased serum albumin levels c. prolonged coagulation times d. increased serum bilirubin levels e. decreased alanine transaminase (ALT) serum enzymes |
a. elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) serum enzymes b. decreased serum albumin levels c. prolonged coagulation times d. increased serum bilirubin levels |
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20. Which viral hepatitis is not associated with a chronic state or a carrier state? a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. serum hepatitis e. hepatitis D |
a. hepatitis A |
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21. Which type of jaundice is caused by the increased destruction of erythrocytes? a. obstructive b. hemolytic c. hepatocellular d. Both b and c are correct. |
b. hemolytic |
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22. Which most often causes biliary cirrhosis?
a. malnutrition b. alcoholism c. hepatitis A or C d. autoimmunity e. biliary obstruction |
e. biliary obstruction
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23. Symptoms of cholelithiasis include all of the following except: a. nausea and vomiting. b. right upper quadrant tenderness. c. jaundice. d. decreased serum bilirubin levels. e. abdominal distress. |
d. decreased serum bilirubin levels. |
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24. In pancreatitis: a. the tissue damage likely results from release of pancreatic enzymes. b. high cholesterol intake is causative. c. that is chronic, diabetes is uncommon. d. bacterial infection is the etiologic cause. |
a. the tissue damage likely results from release of pancreatic enzymes. |
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25. Predisposing factors in the development of colon cancer include all of the following except: a. familial polyposis. b. ulcerative colitis. c. low-fiber/high-fat diet. d. high-fiber diet. e. diet high in refined CHO. |
d. high-fiber diet. |
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Acute Bleeding
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Hematemesis, melena, hematochezia
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Occult bleeding
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Traces of blood in normal appearing stools or gastric secretions, requires a guaiac test to detect
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