Chapter 40-Zoonotic Diseases

Front 1

What is a zoonotic infection?

Back 1

infections that Can naturally jump from animals to humans

Front 2

Infections that Can naturally jump from animals to humans are called?

Back 2

zoonotic infections

Front 3

Increasing important zoonotic infections is occurring for many reasons such as (3)

Back 3

a) More humans on the planet than ever before
b).Move into previously unpopulated area
c) Increased exposure of people to animals and their infections

Front 4

True/False
Some Zoonotic
occur normally in animal populations, and rarely jump to humans?

Back 4

True

Front 5

Name four zoonotic pathogens that can transmit human to humans

Back 5

HIC,
influenza,
ebola, and
SARS

Front 6

Name some zoonotic pathogens that can be transmited from animals to humans.

Back 6

West Nile virus,
rabies,
ehrlichisis,
bubonic plague,
tularemia, brucellosis, leptospirosis, and
Lyme borreliosis

Front 7

What is the natural Host for Yersenia Pestis?

Back 7

Fleas develop yersiniosis when they take a blood meal from an infected animal host

Front 8

How do Fleas develop yersiniosis?

Back 8

Fleas develop yersiniosis when they take a blood meal from an infected animal host.

Front 9

Yersiniae______ in the gut of the flea, eventually reaching such a high concentration that they ___________

Back 9

Multiply
Block the flees gut

Front 10

Lyme disease:
In about two thirds of infected patients, the early stage is characterized by a red papule at the site of the bite within the first 30 days of infection
The papules, referred to as ______________?

Back 10

erythema migrans ( EM )

Front 11

2. The papules, referred to as erythema migrans ( EM ), can expand to form ___________? Em is associated with which disease

Back 11

erythematous concentric rings w/ central clearing.

b) Lyme disease

Front 12

________can cause flulike symptoms, lymphadenopathy, oligoarthritis, carditis, and neurologic manifestations

Back 12

Spirochetemia

Front 13

What time of symptoms can Spirochetemia casue.
(5)

Back 13

flulike symptoms, lymphadenopathy, oligoarthritis,
carditis, neurologic manifestations

Front 14

What type of lesions may appear weeks after the initial lesion in Lyme disease.

Back 14

Secondary lesions

Front 15

Why is it possible that many of the effects seen in Lyme borreliosis result from the host immune response, including attraction of macrophages to synovial fluid and production of interleukin-1 by host monocytes?

Back 15

Because the concentration of bacteria in the host remains low

Front 16

Because the concentration of bacteria in the host remains low it is possible that many of the effects seen in Lyme borreliosis result from the _________, including attraction of ________ to synovial fluid and production of ______by host monocytes

Back 16

it is possible that many of the effects seen in Lyme borreliosis result from the host immune response, including attraction of macrophages to synovial fluid and production of interleukin-1 by host monocytes.

Front 17

A normal inhabitant of canine and feline oral flora, infections occur as the result of dog bites

Back 17

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Front 18

In Dog bite and Infectious agents.
________ and ______ occur more often than the __________

Back 18

Dissemination and septicemia occur more often than the self-limiting lesions

Front 19

In Dog bite and Infectious agents.
____% 0f infections in patients who are splenectomized, have _____, or ________

Back 19

90% infections in patients who are splenectomized, have cancer, or abuse drug

Front 20

Dog bites and infectious agents:
The most severe infection is seen in splenectomized patients, who develop an __________-like phenomenon with______, __________, and_____.

Back 20

The most severe infection is seen in splenectomized patients, who develop an endotoxin- mediated shwartzman-like phenomenon with purpura, septic shock, and DIC

Front 21

In Dog bite and Infectious agentsInfection of healthy people is rare, because of ?

Back 21

susceptibility of the normal serum killing

Front 22

Causative agent of swine erysipelas
(4)

Back 22

rosenbach erysipeloid, erysipelotrichosis,
rose disease, and
fish-handler’s disease

Front 23

Thin, anaerobic gram (+) bacillus, 0.2 – 0.4 um by 0.8 – 2.5 um

Back 23

Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae

Front 24

Zoonotic bacteria Often isolated from contaminated water and soil

Back 24

Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae

Front 25

4. Important in veterinary medicine, causing infections in swine, poultry, small mammals, fish, and crustaceans

Back 25

Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae

Front 26

Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae causes infection in? (5)

Back 26

swine,
poultry,
small mammals,
fish, and
crustaceans

Front 27

An important economic disease in North America, South America, and Europe

Back 27

Swine erysipelas

Front 28

The most common clinical symptom results from handling infected animals or animal products

Back 28

Swine erysipelas

Front 29

Swine erysipelas infection In humans:
The site of infection is usually an ____ or wound of____or ____.

Back 29

In humans, the site of infection is usually an abrasion or wound of finger or hand.

Front 30

The lesion usually heals without treatment within______

Back 30

The lesion usually heals without treatment within 1 month

Front 31

Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae:
Patient with structural valvular disease, alcoholism, or other predisposing conditions may develop?

Back 31

sepsis and endocarditis

Front 32

Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae:
sepsis and endocarditis maybe develop in patients with?______,______or other predisposing conditions.

Back 32

structural valvular disease, alcoholism,

Front 33

Organisms causing cat scratch disease is?
Currently____(#) species within the genus __________.

Back 33

18 Species..within the genus
bartonella

Front 34

What animals are B. henseleae and,B. clarridgeiae associated with ?(2)

Back 34

(flea, cat)

Front 35

flea, cats are associated with what organisms?(2)

Back 35

B. henseleae and,
B. clarridgeiae

Front 36

What animals is B. vinsonii sub. Vinsoni associated with?

Back 36

(vole ear mites)

Front 37

vole ear mites are associated with what organism?

Back 37

B. vinsonii sub. Vinsoni

Front 38

B. vinsonii subsp and Berkhoffii are associated with?
(3)

Back 38

ticks
dogs
coyotes

Front 39

ticks
dogs
coyotes are all associated with these 2 organisms?

Back 39

vinsonii subsp.
Berkhoffii

Front 40

B. vinsonii subsp and Arupensis are associated with?

Back 40

Ticks

Front 41

What two organisms are associated with ticks?

Back 41

B. vinsonii subsp and Arupensis

Front 42

The genus Afipia contains several species, including ______

Back 42

A. felis

Front 43

Organism such as A. felis are in the genus_____?

Back 43

Afipia

Front 44

Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae can cause icteric_________, also known as Weil’s syndrome.

Back 44

icteric leptospirosis

Front 45

Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae can cause?

Back 45

Weil’s syndrome (icteric leptospirosis)

Front 46

What causes Weil’s syndrome.

Back 46

Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae

Front 47

This form of leptospirosis is more life-threatening _________ .

Back 47

icteric leptospirosis

Front 48

This form is less life-threatening than the icteric leptospirosis form of weil's syndrome?

Back 48

anicteric

Front 49

Starts in the same ways as does anicteric leptospirosis

Back 49

inicteric leptospirosis

Front 50

In icteric leptospirosis the third day of the illness presents the following symptoms_______,______,__________
(Hint: all associated with liver)

Back 50

hemolysis,
jaundice, and
renal failure

Front 51

In icteric leptospirosis the third day of the illness presents the following symptoms hemolysis, jaundice, and renal failure.
These symptoms occur as _________ multiply in the liver and the kidney

Back 51

leptospires

Front 52

Mortality in icteric leptospirosis ranges from 1_____– _____%

Back 52

15-40%

Front 53

In fatal cases of icteric leptospirosis ,________ is the usual cause of death.

Back 53

Renal failure

Front 54

In nonfatal cases,_______ clear from the patient’s ______, _______, and eyes as _________ appear.

Back 54

In nonfatal cases, leptospires clear from the patient’s kidneys, brain, and eyes as antibodies appear

Front 55

Primary reservoirs for leptospires

Back 55

Rodents and domestic animals

Front 56

Other animals that can harbor the leptospires, include?______,______,_____and__________.

Back 56

cows,
horses,
mongoose,
and frogs

Front 57

Humans may be directly infected from __________ or indirectly by comtact with________or_____ that is contaminated with urine from infected animals.

Back 57

animal urine
contact with soil or water.

Front 58

Infected humans can shed leptospires in urine for up to______ months, cows for______ and half months, dog for_______ years, and infected rodents for their full lifetime

Back 58

Humans 11 months,
cows for 3 and 1/2 months, And dogs for 4 years.
infected rodents for their full lifetime

Front 59

Who are at the most of risk with leptospirosis?

Back 59

Veterinarians,
abattoir workers, fish and poultry processors,
and dairy workers

Front 60

leptospirosis more prevalent in areas with _______ climates, especially in late ________ and early _______.

Back 60

warm climates, especially in late autumn and early winter

Front 61

Anthrax, also known as ________ disease and ________.

Back 61

woolsorter’s disease and malignant pustule

Front 62

________, also known as woolsorter’s disease and malignant pustule

Back 62

Anthrax

Front 63

A large (2.5 by 10 um), gram (+), spore-forming bacillus

Back 63

Anthrax

Front 64

This organism occurs naturally in the soil and is a pathogen of herbivores, such as cattle, sheep, and goats.

Back 64

Anthrax

Front 65

Occurs in every state in the United states, as well as in central and south America, Africa, and middle east

Back 65

Anthrax

Front 66

Recurrence of anthrax are prevented by

Back 66

Containing the spores and eliminating their spread through the environment.

Front 67

What disease does R.typhi cause?

Back 67

Endemic Typhus

Front 68

The arthropod vector that causes Endemic Typhus is? the______?

Back 68

the oriental rat flea xenopsylla cheopis.

Front 69

In Endemic Typhus
the rat (rattus exulans) is___________? while the the oriental rat flea xenopsylla cheopis is the vector.

Back 69

reservoir

Front 70

What other organism can also harbor R. typhi?

Back 70

cat flea, ctenocephalides felis

Front 71

The cat flea, ctenocephalides felis can also habor, what organism?

Back 71

R. typhi

Front 72

Because this flea infests a large number of domestic animals, it may be an important factor in the persistence of infection in urban areas

Back 72

cat flea, ctenocephalides felis

Front 73

cat flea, ctenocephalides felis may be an important factor in the _____________.

Back 73

persistence of infection in urban areas.

Front 74

Epidemic louse-borne typhus is caused by

Back 74

R. prowazekii

Front 75

The vectors for Epidemic louse-borne typhus include
________and_________.

Back 75

human louse (pediculus humanus),.
the squirrel flea (orchopeas

Front 76

The reservoirs of Epidemic louse-borne typhus are primarily humans and flying squirrels located in the eastern united states often dies of is
________, unlike vectors of other ____________.

Back 76

rickettsemia
rickettsiae

Front 77

First noted in france in the 1930s when dogs infected w/ brown dog ticks became ill and died

Back 77

Human ehrlichiosis

Front 78

Epidemic Louse-Borne Typhus is still found commonly in areas of________ and _______and _________ america

Back 78

Africa and central and south america

Front 79

2. Human ehrlichioisis cases are similar clinically
3. Many patients may experience asymptomatic infection Incubation period is_____ – _____days.

Back 79

5-10 days

Front 80

What are the Clinical symptoms of human ehrlichioisis ?
Often (4)
But may have (3)

Back 80

Often fever, headache, malaise,
myalgia,
But May have

nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea,
cough,
joint pain,
confusion, and
occasionally rash

Front 81

patients often have fever, headache, malaise,
myalgia in?

Back 81

human ehrlichioisis

Front 82

As many as 60% of pediatric patients infected with E. chaffeensis may have rash, although adults with the same infection ______ experience rash, and patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) also rarely have rash as a symptom.

Back 82

rarely

Front 83

What two type of patients rarely have rush as a symptom in association when in comes to Human ehrlichiosis infections.

Back 83

E. chaffeensis , although adults with the same infection rarely experience rash, and patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) also rarely have rash as a symptom

Front 84

As many as________ of pediatric patients infected with E. chaffeensis may have rash

Back 84

60%

Front 85

what are the laboratory findings for Human ehrlichiosis?
Hint: (2Hem+1 chem )
=3.

Back 85

Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia,
and elevated liver enzyme

Front 86

What are the Severe complications associted with Human ehrlichiosis infection?(3)

Back 86

Severe complications, including toxic shock-like syndrome,
central nervous system involvement, and
adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Front 87

The mortality rates for Human ehrlichiosis are about?

Back 87

2 – 3 %

Front 88

Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae:
Edematous lesion forms __- –___days after infection

Back 88

1-7days after infection

Front 89

Two physical manisfestations in swine erysipelas are?
(2)

Back 89

Erythema and itching

Front 90

Erythema and itching are Two physical manisfestations seen in

Back 90

swine erysipelas