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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abdominal cavity
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The cavity beneath the thoracic cavity that is seperated from the the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm; contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines and kidneys
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abdomiopelvic cavity
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A term that describes the abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively; refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin.
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anaplasia
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A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.
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anatomical position
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The standard reference position for the body as a whole; the person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; the individual's head and feet are also pointing forward.
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anterior
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pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body
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aplasia
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a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
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cardiac muscle
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the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart
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caudal
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pertaining to the tail
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cell
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the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter
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cell membrane
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the semi-permeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell
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cervical vertebrae
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the first seven segments of the spinal column; identified as C1-C7
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chromosomes
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the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body
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coccyx
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the tailbone. located at the end of the vertebral column, the coccyx results from the fusion of four individual coccygeal bones in the child
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connective tissue
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tissue that supports and bind other body tissue and parts
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cranial
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pertaining to the skull or brain
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cranial cavity
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the cavity that contains the brain
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cytology
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the study of cells
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cytoplasm
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a gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. The cytoplasm contains cell organs, called organelles, which carry out the essential functions of the cell
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deep
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away from the surface
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distal
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away from or the farthest from the trunk of the body, or farthest from the point of origin of a body part
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dorsal
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pertaining to the back
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dorsum
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the back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot
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dysplasia
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any abnormal development of tissues or organs
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epigastric region
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The region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs
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epithelial tissue
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the tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; in also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands and body organs
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frontal plane
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any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions
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genes
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segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
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histologist
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a medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
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hyperplasia
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an increase in the number of cells in a body part
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hypochondriac region
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the right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastric region
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hypogastric region
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the middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region
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hypoplasia
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incomplete or underdevloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells.
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inferior
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below or downward toward the tail or feet
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inguinal region
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the right and left regions fo the lower section of the abdomen; also called the iliac region
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lateral
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toward the side of th ebody, away from the midline of the body
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lumbar region
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the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen
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lumbar vertebrae
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the largest and stronges of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae consist of 5 large segments of the movable part of the spinal column; identified as L1-L5
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lysosomes
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cell organs, or organelles, that contain various kinds of enzymes capable of breaking down all of the main components of cells; lysosomes destroy bacteria by digesting them
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McBurney's point
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A point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip
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medial
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toward the midline of the body
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mediolateral
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pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
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membrane
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a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space, such as the abdominal membrane that lines the abdominal wall
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midline of the body
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the imaginary "line" that is created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves.
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midsagittal plane
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the plane that divides the body or a structure into right and left equal portions
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mitochondria
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cell organs, or organelles, which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions
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Munro's point
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a point on the left side of the abdomen, about halfway between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip
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muscle tissue
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the tissue that is capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers
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navel
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the umbilicus, the belly button
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neoplasia
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the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
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nervous tissue
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tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body
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nucleus
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the central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane
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organ
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tissues that are arranged together to perform a special function
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pelvic cavity
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the lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
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peritoneum
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a specific, serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera
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plane
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imaginary slices, or cuts made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle
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plantar
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pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
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posterior
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pertaining to the back of the body
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pronation
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a movement that allows the palms fo the hands to turn downward and backward
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prone
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lying facedown on the abdomen
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proximal
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toward or nearest to the trunk of the body, or nearest to the point of origin of a body part
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ribosomes
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cell organs, or organelles, that synthesize proteins; often called the cell's "protein factories"
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sacrum
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the singular, triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child
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skeletal muscle
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muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton
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smooth muscle
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muscle that is found n the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
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spinal cavity
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the cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal
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superficial
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pertaining to the surface of the body, or near the surface
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superior
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above or upward toward the head
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supination
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a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
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supine
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lying horizontally on the back, faceup
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system
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organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole
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thoracic cavity
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the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus and trachea
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thoracic vertebrae
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the second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1-T12
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tissue
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a group of cells that perform specialized functions
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transverse plane
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any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions
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umbilical region
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the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region
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umbilicus
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the navel; also called the belly button
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ventral
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pertaining to the front; belly side
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visceral
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pertaining to the internal organs
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visceral muscle
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smooth muscle; muscle that is found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
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