Chapter 4 Vocab

Front 1

Electromagnetic radiation

Back 1

A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

Front 2

Electromagnetic spectrum

Back 2

Together, all the forms of electromagnetic radiation form the what?

Front 3

Wavelength

Back 3

The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves

Front 4

Frequency

Back 4

Defined as the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second

Front 5

Photoelectric effect

Back 5

This refers to the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal.

Front 6

Quantum

Back 6

The minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom

Front 7

Photon

Back 7

Is a particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy

Front 8

Ground State

Back 8

Lowest energy State of An atom

Front 9

Excited State

Back 9

A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state

Front 10

Line-emission Spectrum

Back 10

When a narrow beam of the emitted light will shined through a prism, it was separated into for specific colors of the visible spectrum

Front 11

Continuous Spectrum

Back 11

The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Front 12

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Back 12

States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle

Front 13

Quantum Theory

Back 13

Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles

Front 14

Orbital

Back 14

Is a three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron

Front 15

Quantum Numbers

Back 15

Specifies the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals

Front 16

Principal quantum number

Back 16

Symbolized by N, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron

Front 17

Angular momentum quantum number

Back 17

Symbolized by L, indicates the shape of the orbital

Front 18

Magnetic quantum number

Back 18

Symbolized by m, indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus

Front 19

Spin quantum number

Back 19

Has only two possible values~~~(+1/2, -1/2)~~~ which indicates the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital

Front 20

Electron configuration

Back 20

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

Front 21

Aufbau Principle

Back 21

An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

Front 22

Pauli exclusion Principle

Back 22

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Front 23

Hund's Rule

Back 23

Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin-state state

Front 24

Noble Gases

Back 24

The group 18 elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, Xenon, and radon) are called what?

Front 25

Noble-Gas Configuration

Back 25

Refers to an outer main energy level occupied, in most cases, by 8 electrons