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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sensation
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the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment.
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perception
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: the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
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bottom-up processing
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analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information.
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top-down processing
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information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.
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selective attention
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the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
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inattentional blindness
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failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
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change blindness
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failing to notice changes in the environment.
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psychophysics
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the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them.
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absolute threshold
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the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.
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signal detection theory
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a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness.
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subliminal
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below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
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priming
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the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response.
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difference threshold
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the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference (jnd).
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Weber’s law
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the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage (rather than a constant amount).
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sensory adaptation
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diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation.
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