Chapter 1 & 4 Study Notes

Front 1

Hereditary

Back 1

Transmission of an organism gene to next generation by chromosomes which carry DNA.

Front 2

DNA

Back 2

Blue print of life

Front 3

Reproduction

Back 3

involves generation of off spring necessary to continue a species line of evolution. All organisms manifest a sexual reproduction with one cell simply dividing into 2 new cells by fission or mitosis. Many organisms also display sexual reproduction involving the union of sex cells from 2 parents.

Front 4

Growth

Back 4

increase in size of a population thru reproduction

Front 5

Development

Back 5

includes all changes over the life span of an organism

Front 6

Metabolism

Back 6

encompasses the thousands of chemical reactions that all cells need to function

Front 7

Responsiveness

Back 7

capacity of cells to interact with external factors thru irritability, communication or movement

Front 8

Transport

Back 8

system for controlling the flow of materials

ie- carrying nutrients and water from external environment into cells interior.

Front 9

Archeans

Back 9

Prokaryotes that love the extreme temp or salt

Front 10

Are Viruses living??

Back 10

No, they are not cellular...without a host they are inactive and inert.

Front 11

2 characteristics of bacteria

Back 11

1. Prokaryotic

2. Peptidoglycan in cell wall.

Front 12

2 characteristics of Fungi

Back 12

1. Eukaryotic

2. Thread like bodies and spores

Front 13

Helminthes

Back 13

Parasitic members of the Kingdom Animalia

Front 14

Protozoa

Back 14

Unicellular eukaryotic eaters may move with cilia or pseudopods

Front 15

Photosynthesis

Back 15

Algae and cyanobacteria perform this essential microbial function

Front 16

Decomposition

Back 16

Fungi and bacteria are essential in material recycling by performing this process.

Front 17

Antibiotics

Back 17

Microbes are the source of these medicines which inhibit other microbes

Front 18

Fermentation

Back 18

Microbes are used to produce food, beverages and industrial compounds by this process.

Front 19

E coli can produce human insulin if modified by this:

Back 19

Genetic engineering

Front 20

Bioremediation

Back 20

Use of microbes to detox an environmental spill

Front 21

First to see Living microbes

Back 21

Anton Van Leeuwenhook

Front 22

First to view and name cells

Back 22

Robert Hooke

Front 23

Joseph Lister

Back 23

First in Antiseptic surgury

Front 24

Edward Jenner

Back 24

First Smallpox vaccine

Front 25

Louis Pasteur

Back 25

Disproved Spontaneous Generation of microbes with S-neck flask.

Front 26

Elie Metchnikoff

Back 26

Discovered phagocytosis in immunology

Front 27

Paul Ehrlich

Back 27

First chemo to treat sypallis

Front 28

Alex Fleming

Back 28

Discovery of Penicillin

Front 29

Watson and Crick

Back 29

First to solve puzzle of DNS construction

Front 30

Robert Koch was the first to demonstrate

Back 30

that a particular microbe caused a specific disease

Front 31

Who showed that microbes caused fermentation and enable control

Back 31

Louis Pasteur

Front 32

Log Phase

Back 32

Period of growth in bacterial culture where cells divide every few minutes

Front 33

How can helicobacteria pylori can survive in stomach acid?

Back 33

Hides in mucus layer and causes peptic ulcers

Front 34

Nucleoid

Back 34

DNA found here, not bound by membrane

Front 35

Genophore

Back 35

long double strand of DNA usually in a large circle and contains most genetic material of the organism.

Front 36

Plasmid

Back 36

Small circular DNA fragments found in cytoplasm that contain code responsible for antibiotic resistance and other characteristics

Front 37

Endosphore

Back 37

Some bacteria can survive hostile environments by bundling genetic material in a tough internal structure.

Front 38

Ribosomes

Back 38

Protein synthesis messenger RNA is read by ribosome and amino acids are assembled into a complete protein chain based on RNA sequence

Front 39

Storage Granuale

Back 39

Nutrients and Resources may be stored in these cytoplasmic inclusions in form of glycogen, lipids, sulfer or nitrogen.

Front 40

What is purpose of capsule (Slime layer)

Back 40

cell protection, sticky

Front 41

Pili, Fimbraie

Back 41

hollow, hairlike structures allow bacteria to attach to other cells

Front 42

Conjugation

Back 42

bacterial sex

Front 43

How is a Prokaryote like a baseball stadium?

Back 43

* NO ORGANELLES

Outside is cell wall, No division inside, not separated into components

Front 44

How is a Eukaryote like a Office building?

Back 44

Organized, Specific functions

Front 45

What is a cell membrane consist of?

Back 45

Oil and lipids

Front 46

How does Penicillin work?

Back 46

Interferes with the production of the cell wall = cell wall ruptures

Front 47

Function of the cell wall

Back 47

Suit of Armor, protection from viruses, although not great protection against immune system.

Front 48

Flagella act as

Back 48

Movement, Counterclockwise and Clockwise

Front 49

Ribosome count in Eukaryotes

Back 49

80S

Front 50

Ribosome count in Prokaryotes

Back 50

70S

Front 51

3 types of Flagella

Back 51

1. Lophotrichous - Small bunches, Tufts from same site

2. Monotrichous - Single

3. Petritrichous - Arrangement, dispersed randomly over surface cells.

Front 52

How is a virus like a baseball?

Back 52

Sticks to it. Contact with bat...provides momentum.