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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does HAI stand for? |
Health Care Associated Infection |
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Besides HAI, what is another name for infections acquired in a hospital? |
Nosocomial Infection |
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What are the three elements necessary for infection to spread? |
•Source or reservoir of pathogens •Susceptible host •Route of transmission |
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What is autogenous infection? |
When a person serves as their own source of infection |
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What is a virulence? |
The power of a microorganism to produce disease |
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What is colonization? |
Process which microorganism establishes a presence & grows in or on the human body |
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What three ways do individuals respond to organisms? |
•May be immune •May be carriers •May become infected |
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Name two ways that a patient's chance of acquiring an infection is increased. |
•Age •Certain medication or therapy |
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What microorganism is most likely to cause infection? Bacilli or cocci? |
Cocci |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is what type of microorganism? Where is it most commonly found? |
•Gram negative •In sputum (mucus) |
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What are the five routes of transmission? |
•Contact •Droplet •Common vehicle •Airborne •Vectorborne |
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How is infection most commonly spread? Direct or indirect? |
Direct |
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What is the main cause of direct spread of infection? |
Direct body to body contact |
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What is fomites? |
Objects that transmit infectious agent |
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How far can droplets travel? |
Approximately 3 feet |
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Name two airborne conditions. |
•TB •Measles |
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What size is airborne droplets? |
5um |
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What is the most common vehicle transmission of infection? |
Food/Water borne |
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Name a vectorborne animal. |
Insect |
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According to the American Medical Association, what's the best way to prevent transmission of disease & illness? |
Hand washing |
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Name the two ways healthcare workers can prevent the spread of infection. |
•Use barrier & isolation precautions •Use single patient use disposable equipment |
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When are sterile gloves used? |
For all invasive procedures |
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What is reverse isolation? |
Immunized compromised patient |
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What type of mask protects individuals from airborne transmission diseases? |
N95 (also knows as HEPA mask) |
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What does PPE stand for? |
Personal Protective Equipment |
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What does PPE consist of? |
•Gowns/aprons •Leg covers •Boot & shoe covers •Hair covers •Gloves |
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What kind of room should a TB patient be placed in? |
Negative pressure room |
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What kind of container do needles/syringes go in after use? |
•"Sharps" container •Red with locked lid |
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Do we ever recap needles? Why or why not? |
No, can poke yourself with a contaminated needle. |
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What are the three categories of transmission based precautions? |
•Contact Precaution •Droplet Precaution •Airborne Precaution |
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Are burn victims in any type of isolation? If yes, which one? |
Yes, contact isolation |
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Define vegetative organisms. |
Organisms in active growth |
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Define spore & give an example. |
•Organisms in a resting, resistant stage •Ex. C. Diff |
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Define sterilization. |
Killing of all organisms, both vegetative & spores |
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Define disinfection. |
Killing of all vegetative forms of organisms, except spores. |
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Define bacterialcidal. |
Something that kills bacteria |
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Define bacteriostatic. |
Something that prevents the growth of bacteria |
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Name three conditions that affect antimicrobial action |
•Chemical concentration •Time •Temperature •Number of organisms |
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Define pasteurization. |
Application of moist heat at temperatures below boiling |
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Define autoclave. |
Heat in the form of steam |
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What is another name for Glutaraldehyde? |
CIDEX |
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What do we commonly clean respiratory equipment with? |
Alcohol |
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What chemical is used to clean bronchoscopes? |
Glutaraldehyde (CIDEX) |
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What is another name for vinegar? |
Acetic acid |
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What chemical do we use to disinfect & clean trachs in the home? |
2 parts H2O : 1 part vinegar |
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What type of solution do we use to clean up blood? What is the dose required? |
•Bleach •1:10 solution |
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Name three ways to evaluate infection control techniques. |
•Equipment processing quality control •Routine sampling of in use equipment •Microbiological indentification |
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Droplet Precautions |
• H influenzae, streptococcal pneumonia, epiglottis, pertussis, meningitis •Private room & mask worn at all times |
