Chapter 4 Section 1

Front 1

mineral

Back 1

is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, that has crystal structure and definite chemicals composition.

Front 2

inorganic

Back 2

the mineral cannot form from materials that were once part of aliving thing.

Front 3

solid

Back 3

a definite volume andshape. The particles that make up a solid are packed togethervery tightly

Front 4

crystal structure

Back 4

A crystalhas flat sides, called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners

Front 5

definitechemical composition

Back 5

the minerals

Front 6

color

Back 6

a mineral is an easily observed physicalproperty. But the color of a mineral alone often provides too littleinformation to make an identification

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streak

Back 7

a mineral is the color of itspowder. You can observe a streak by rubbing a mineralagainst a piece of unglazed porcelain tile

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luster

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the term used to describe how light isreflected from a mineral’s surface. Minerals containing metalsare often shiny

Front 9

density

Back 9

the mass in a given space, or mass per unit volume.No matter what the size of a mineral sample, the density of thatmineral always remains the same

Front 10

hardness

Back 10

measure to 1 through 10

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cleavage

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A mineral that splits easily along flat surfaceshas the property

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Fracture

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describes how a minerallooks when it breaks apart in an irregular way. Geologistsuse a variety of terms to describe fracture. For example, quartzhas a shell-shaped fracture

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chapter 4

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section 2

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geode

Back 14

a rounded,hollow rock that is often lined with mineral crystals. Crystalsform inside a geode when water containing dissolved mineralsseeps into a crack or hollow in a rock

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Crystallization

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the process bywhich atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystalstructure.

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solution

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a mixturein which one substance is dissolved in another

Front 17

vein

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a narrow channel or slab ofa mineral that is different from the surrounding rock

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chapter 4

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section 3

Front 19

gemstone

Back 19

a hard, colorful mineral that has abrilliant or glassy luster

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metals

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as aluminum,iron, copper, or silver. Metals are generally not as hardas gemstones.

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ore

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A rock that contains a metal or other useful mineral that canbe mined and sold at a profit