Chapter 4 - Section 1

Front 1

Accommodation of the lens

Back 1

adjustment of the thickness of the lens to focus on objects at different distances

Front 2

Blind spot

Back 2

areas where the optic nerve exits the retina

Front 3

cataract

Back 3

disorder in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy

Front 4

color consistency

Back 4

tendency of an object to appear nearly the same color under a variety of lighting conditions

Front 5

cone

Back 5

visual receptors that are adapted for color vision, daytime vision, and detailed vision.

Front 6

cornea

Back 6

rigid, transparent structure on the surface of the eyeball.

Front 7

dark adaptation

Back 7

gradual improvement in the ability to see in dim light

Front 8

electromagnetic spectrum

Back 8

continuum of all the frequencies of radiated energy

Front 9

fovea

Back 9

central part of the retina that has a greater density of receptors, especially cones, than any other part of the retina

Front 10

ganglion cells

Back 10

neurons in the eyes that receive input from bipolar cells, which in turn receive their input from the visual receptors.

Front 11

glaucoma

Back 11

condition characterized by increased pressure within the eyeball, resulting in damage to the optic nerve and therefore a loss of vision.

Front 12

hyperopia

Back 12

far-sightedness - the inability to focus on nearby objects.

Front 13

iris

Back 13

colored structure on the surface of the eye surrounding the pupil.

Front 14

lens

Back 14

flexible structure that can vary its thickness to enable the eye to focus on objects at different distances.

Front 15

myopia

Back 15

near sightedness - the inability to focus on distant objects.

Front 16

negative afterimage

Back 16

color that a person sees after staring at its opposite color for a while.

Front 17

opponent process theory

Back 17

theory that we perceive color in terms of a system of paired opposites: red vs green, yellow vs blue, and white vs black.

Front 18

optic nerve

Back 18

set of axons that extend from the ganglion cells of the eye to the thalamus and several other areas of the brain.

Front 19

perception

Back 19

interpretation of sensory information.

Front 20

presbyopia

Back 20

decreased flexibility of the lens and therefore the inability to focus on nearby objects.

Front 21

pupil

Back 21

adjustable opening in the eye through which light enters.

Front 22

receptor

Back 22

specialized cell that converts environmental energies into signals for the nervous system.

Front 23

retina

Back 23

layer of visual receptors covering the back surface of the eyeball.

Front 24

retinex theory

Back 24

theory that color perception results from the cerebral cortex's comparison of various retinal patterns.

Front 25

rod

Back 25

visual receptors that are adapted for vision in dim light

Front 26

sensation

Back 26

conversion of energy from the environment into a pattern of response by the nervous system.

Front 27

stimuli

Back 27

energy in the environment that affects what we do.

Front 28

trichoromatic theory

(aka Young-Helmholtz theory)

Back 28

theory that color vision depends on the relative rate of response of three types of cones.