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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell |
Basic unit of life |
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Cell membrane |
Encases the internal matrix called the cytoplasm |
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where are Eukaryotic cells found? |
Animals Plants Fungi Protists |
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Prokaryotic cells |
No nucleus No organelles |
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Heredity |
The transmission of an organism's genome to the next generation by chromosomes, which carry DNA, the molecular blueprint of life |
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Flagellum |
Appendage of phenomenal construction and is certainly unique in the biological world *flagella provide the power of motility or self-propulsion *long appendages |
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What is a chromosome made of |
DNA |
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What characteristics do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes share |
They may posses a cell wall They possess chromosomes They have phospholipids in their cell membrane |
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Which of the following are characteristics inherent to life? |
Metabolism Heredity Growth and development Responsiveness |
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The ability of a cell to move or self-propel through an aqueous environment is known as ...? |
Motility *flagella are the structures involved in the ability to move, which is called motility |
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Which appendages provide motility |
Axial filaments Flagellum |
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Monotrichous |
a single, polar flagellum |
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Lophotrichous |
With small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from the same site |
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Amphitrichous |
With flagella at both poles of the cell |
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Chemotaxis |
The movement towards or away from a chemical stimulus |
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Positive chemotaxis |
Movement of a cell in the direction of a favorable chemical stimulus *usually a nutrient |
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Negative chemotaxis |
Movement away from a repellent compound *potentially harmful |
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Phototaxis |
A type of movement in response to light rather than chemicals *some photosynthetic bacteria exhibit this |
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Corkscrew shaped bracteria |
Spirochetes |
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Conjugation |
Mating process which uses the pilus as a connector for transferring DNA from a donor cell to a recipient |
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Glycocalyx |
Develops as a coating of macromolecules to protect the cell and, in some cases, help it adhere to its envirmonment *either called a capsule or slime layer based on its structure |
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Slime layer |
Protects bacteria cell from dehydration and loss of nutrients, as well as serving in adhesion |
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What do all cells contain |
Cell membrane Chromosomes Ribosomes |
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Bacteria |
A category of prokaryotes with peptidogycan in their cell walls |
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Cilia |
Motility *short appendages |
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Fimbriae |
Attachment to surfaces |
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Pili |
Attachment to other bacterial cells h |
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Axial filaments |
Twisting or flexing of spirochete bacteria is attributed by this |
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Fimbriae |
Small bristle like fibers emerging from the surface of many types of bacterial cells |
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Type 4 pilus |
Found only in gram-negative bacteria |
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What two things make up the cell envelope |
Cell wall Cell membrane |
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What does the cell membrane consist of |
A lipid bilateral with embedded proteins |
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Mycoplasmas |
Bacteria that naturally lack a cell wall |
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Pleomorphism |
The tendency for cells of the same species to vary to some extent in shape and size |
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Coccus |
The cell is spherical or ball-shaped |
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Bacillus |
The cell is cylindrical (longer than wide A rod |
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Functions of the bacterial cell membrane |
Provide a site for energy reactions Provide a site for nutrient processing and synthesis A barrier between the internal and external contents of the cell |
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Cytoplasm |
The intracellular gelatinous solution |
