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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sound waves are (2) |
- traveling vibrations of air - consist of alternate regions of compression and rarefaction of air molecules |
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Pitch (tone) of sound depends on |
frequency of air waves |
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Intensity (loudness) depends on |
amplitude of air waves |
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Timbre (quality) determine by |
overtones |
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Tympanic membrane is aka |
eardrum |
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Sound wave transmission: (5)
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1. tympanic mem struck by sound waves and vibrates 2. middle ear transfers vibrations through ossicles to oval window (entrance of chochlea) 3. waves in chochlear fluid set basilar mem in motion 4. receptive hair cells bent as basilar mem is deflected up and down 5. mechanical deformation of specific hair cells is transduced into neural signals -> auditory cortex in temporal lobe for brain perception |
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Define pitch discrimination: |
the ability to distinguish between various frequencies of incoming soudwaves |
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Narrow end nearest to the oval vibrates best with _____ ________ ___________ |
high frequency pitch |
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wide end nearest helicotrema vibrates maximally with ______ _________ _________ |
low frequency tones |
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Sound Transduction (9) |
1. sound waves 2. vibration of tympanic membrane 3. vibration of ossicles 4. vibration of oval window 5. fluid moement in chochlea 6. vibration of basilar membrane 7. bending of hairs on organ of corti 8. graded potential changes (receptor pot.) in receptor cells 9. changes in rate of action pot. generation in auditory nerve |
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Vibration of the round window of chochlea instead of the oval window = |
dissipation of energy (no sound perception) |
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Vestibular apparatus consists of |
semicircular canals: detect rotational acceleration or deceleration in any direction 2. utricle and saccule: provide information important for determining head position in relation to gravity - detects changes in rate of LINEAR movement in any direction |
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Vestibular input goes to |
vestibular nuclei in brain stem and cerebellum
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