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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compare and contrast normal cells and malignant cells.
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Both have 4 phases in replication and a 5th resting phase. Cancer cells have unregulated growth, lack of differentiation and they metastasize to other cells and organs.
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How do cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs destroy malignant cells?
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Targets RNA/DNA to prevent mitosis or induce apoptosis.
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What is the rationale for combination chemotherapy in cancer?
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Most effective when it is able to kill cells in all phases of the cell cycle. Drugs with different MoA.
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What is the difference between ASA, NSAID's and Tylenol in the tx of inflammation?
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NSAID's will work best because they inhibit COX, which is needed for the synthesis of prostaglandins without stomach upset. ASA good for arthritis, Tylenol not for inflammation.
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What teaching would you give a client on high doses of ASA or Advil?
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ASA - GI bleeding, Advil - gastric distress. Drink a lot of fluid
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Why must a client take prednisone exactly as prescribed?
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Blood sugar and electrolyte imbalance, drug interaction, rebound.
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What is the difference between selective and nonselective chemo drugs?
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Specific - target cells when they are actively dividing. Non-specific - dirsupt cells in the resting stage.
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List some nursing interventions that would help prevent infection with the bone marrow suppression seen with antineo. Therapy
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Monitor blood counts and lab values. Wash hands, no garnishes, flowers or fresh fruit.
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Discuss nursing caring with the cancer client
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pregnancy, bleeding, alopecia, fatigue, mouth sores
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Nursing implications for the following: Methotrexate
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antimetabolite, replaces the normal protein required for DNA synthesis (alopecia, stomatitis, hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity, photosensitive) Must have leukovorin rescue, also monitor urine for pH level. If <7.0, pt needs sodium bicarb
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Cytoxan
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Alkylating, nonspecific, affect DNA synthesis by cross-linking DNA to inhibit cell reproduction (Aleopecia, gonadal suppression, hematuria) Watch for tissue necrosis
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Adriamycin
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antineoplastic, nonspecific - interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis (alopecia, stomatitis, EKG changes) Watch for myocardial toxicity
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Vincristine/Vinblastine
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Vinca alkaloid, specific, prevent mitosis (peripheral neuropathy, phlebitis, alopecia)
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5 FU
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same as methotrexate
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