Chapter 4 Part 1 & 2 / Chapter 5

Front 1

Which one of the following is necessary for igneous process to occur?

Back 1

Molten Magma

Front 2

Classification of igneous rocks are based on?

Back 2

Composition and Texture

Front 3

Based on the composition of mineral content, which of the following is not correct?

Back 3

Ultrafelsic

Front 4

Chlorite Mineral gives a dark Green color to Ultramafic igneous rocks?

Back 4

TRUE

Front 5

In which igneous rock type the amount of NA plagioclases is NEARLY equal to Ca plagioclases?

Back 5

Intermediate

Front 6

Visible or course crystal Texture is also known as?

Back 6

Phaneritic

Front 7

Which of the following example of igneous rock is Aphanitic?

Back 7

Basalt

Front 8

Which of the following example of igneous rock is Phaneritic?

Back 8

Granite

Front 9

Andesite porphyry has a porphyritic texture

Back 9

true

Front 10

Porphyritic texture is defined as phaneritic crystals as embedded in aphanitic crystals.

Back 10

True

Front 11

Which of the following igneous rock below has a glassy texture ?

Back 11

obsidian

Front 12

Pyroclasts are also known as

Back 12

glassy and fire fragments

Front 13

Pumice is a dacitic or Ryolitic in chemical composition and mainly white to gray colored.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Cinder (Scoria) is an Andesitic or Basaltic in chemical composition and mainly dark colored?

Back 14

True

Front 15

In pumice and cinder (scoria) the vesicles (voids) are formed due to

Back 15

Escaping gases

Front 16

Some of the igneous rocks such as tuff, volcanic ash & pumice, obsidian are used as construction materials, toothpaste, arrow heads and surgical tools?

Back 16

True

Front 17

Dikes, sills, laccoliths and batholiths are volcanics or extrusive plutonic rocks and can be found at/around convergent and divergent plate boundaries.

Back 17

false

Front 18

Which of the following intrusive plutonic rock below is a dike?

Back 18

discordant and cuts across sedimentary rocks

Front 19

Batholiths are also known as ________ and cover 40sqmiles and they are large massive bodies of igneous rocks.

Back 19

stocks (but smaller)

Front 20

Sticky, plastic and squashed hot ash and lapilli mixture forms which of the igneous rock below?

Back 20

welded tuff

Front 21

What is not a type of volcano?

Back 21

Straight volcano

Front 22

What is the most violent volcano?

Back 22

Composite (strato) volcano

Front 23

Which volcano has quiet eruptions?

Back 23

Shield

Front 24

Which volcano have thicker and shorter lava flows compared to shield volcano's?

Back 24

Composite (strato)

Front 25

Hawaiian Island Mauna Loa is a _______________ type of volcano.

Back 25

shield

Front 26

Calderas also form when pyroclast deposits at the summit of the volcano put weight onto emptied magmatic chamber below, summit collapses and caldera forms.

Back 26

True

Front 27

First minerals to melt are the ones crystallized the last.

Back 27

true

Front 28

Lowering pressure requires higher temperatures to melt the mineral

Back 28

false

Front 29

Mixtures of minerals melt at lower temperatures

Back 29

TRUE

Front 30

Rocks melt at lower temperatures when water is present

Back 30

true

Front 31

which of the following mineral below does melt the last in magmatic rock basalt?

Back 31

Olivine

Front 32

Which of the following mineral below does crystallize the first in magmatic rock basalt?

Back 32

Olivine

Front 33

Geothermal Gradient means increase in temperature with increasing depth

Back 33

true

Front 34

Temperature increases with depth about _____ for each km below the continental crust.

Back 34

25 to 30 C (~85 to 92 F)

Front 35

Melting takes place 200-250 km under the oceans while this is only 100km under the continents

Back 35

true

Front 36

What is not a way to help meltings?

Back 36

decreasing heat

Front 37

Magma forms at/ around the upper mantle and lower crust?

Back 37

TRUE

Front 38

At hot spots; such as Hawaiian Volcanoes, Partial melting of Mantle (Periodotite), due to lower pressure, melts the oceanic crust and produces Basaltic magma.

Back 38

TRUE

Front 39

At divergent plate boundaries (within the continents) Partial melting of Mantle (Periodotite), due to lower pressure, Melts the continental crust and produces Granitic + Rhyolitic magma.

Back 39

TRUE

Front 40

At divergent plate boundaries (within the ocean): Partial melting of Mantle (Periodotite) due to lower pressure melts the oceanic crust and produces basaltic magma with slightly higher silica than the peridotite.

Back 40

TRUE

Front 41

At convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones) Water is released into the asthenosphere at 125km below; adding water, lowers melting temps of magma and peridotite starts melting which in turn creates basaltic magma.

Back 41

TRUE

Front 42

Basaltic volcanoes are "usually" found around the subducting plates (convergent)

Back 42

TRUE

Front 43

Diversity of Magma is caused by

Back 43

-Partial Melting

-Fractional crystallization

-assimilation

Front 44

Which of the following does not explain why volcanoes erupt violently

Back 44

the size of volcanoes

Front 45

When magma has less water (gases) and less silica (basaltic), it will not create Pyroclasts.

Back 45

TRUE

Front 46

Where does water in magma come from

Back 46

from minerals

Front 47

Subduction zone magmas produce most violent eruptions because

Back 47

they are high dissolved water molecules and gases in them hence creating high pressure.

Front 48

Viscosity is ______ to flow.

Back 48

Resistance

Front 49

Viscosity is created due to

Back 49

molecular bonding

Front 50

Low Silica means low pyroclasts and_______

Back 50

low viscosity

Front 51

Crystallization _______________viscosity

Back 51

increases

Front 52

What is NOT a typical volcano hazard

Back 52

avalanche (SNOW)

Front 53

Plutons form when mafic magma

Back 53

a. mafic magma stalls at the base of continental crust and solidifies forming gabbro sillls

b. Pressure from the rocks above pushes mafic magma through the fractures to the surface.

Front 54

All magma can not reach surface because

Back 54

Fractional crystallization

density barriers

temperature decrease toward surface

Front 55

Fractional crystallization forms most of the silica minerals that are rich in metallic ores and gases that are intruded into fractures hence forming ore veins

Back 55

true

Front 56

Many metals dissolved in hot water form compounds with sulfur and creates Hydrothermal Ores

Back 56

true

Front 57

Pegmatites form at the very last stage of _______________ of magma

Back 57

Crystallization

Front 58

Sedimentary rocks have ______.

Back 58

layers

Front 59

Sedimentary rocks can only form from particles of sedimentary rocks.

Back 59

false

Front 60

By studying sedimentary rocks geologists can find out about, for example: the ancient climates, shifting seas, erosion of mountains, energy resources etc.

Back 60

TRUE

Front 61

what is not a type of weathering

Back 61

economical

Front 62

What plays a important role in chemical weahtering

Back 62

Organisms and Oxidation

Front 63

What below is not a type of physical weathering

Back 63

dissolution

Front 64

What following below is not chemical weathering

Back 64

thawing and freezing

Front 65

Chose the best option below used during chemical weathering

Back 65

oxygen and water

Front 66

Which is the chemical formula for Carbonic Acid

Back 66

H2C03

Front 67

In physical weathering, rocks are broken into smaller pieces but they are still the same.

Back 67

TRUE

Front 68

In chemical weathering, rocks are changed chemically because dissolved ions form new minerals.

Back 68

true

Front 69

Which is not considered a fossil?

Back 69

Soft tissues of organisms

Front 70

Oil, Gases, and Coals are

Back 70

Fossil Fuels

Front 71

which of the following does not help geologists in finding oil?

Back 71

texture of magmatic rock

Front 72

what are the two necessary process in forming sedimentary rocks?

Back 72

Compactions & Cementation

Front 73

Most common cements are Calcite, Quartz and clay minerals

Back 73

true

Front 74

Clastic sedimentary rocks are products of weathered mineral grains, while chemical and biogenic sedimentary rocks are precipitation of dissolved minerals and/or remains of organisms

Back 74

true

Front 75

Which of the following below, the texture of a clastic sedimentary rock does not depend on?

Back 75

volume of minerals

Front 76

Match the correct sizes for correct particles (grains)

Back 76

Gravel- >2mm

Sand - 1/16 to 2mm

Mud (silt) 1/256mm to 1/16mm

Front 77

Which of the following is not biogenic but rather it is a chemical sedimentary rock

Back 77

dolostone

Front 78

Coal is mostly made up of ______ minerals

Back 78

Plants

Front 79

What type of environment most like will not be defined by fossils?

Back 79

volcanoes

Front 80

high energy environment is characterized by

Back 80

course grains

Front 81

Sedimentary structures are

Back 81

features that are within the sedimentary rocks that have formed during the deposition of the sediments.

Front 82

Course, Angular and poorly sorted gravels indicate

Back 82

flash floods/turbidity currents

Front 83

Dark sedimentary rock layers indicate

Back 83

organic rich environment

Front 84

Mud cracks indicate

Back 84

alternately wet and dry environment

Front 85

Cross beds form due to the movement of ____by wind.

Back 85

dunes or ripples

Front 86

during transgression of the sea, the sea level will

Back 86

rise

Front 87

during regression of the sea, the sea level will drop

Back 87

drop

Front 88

In transgressive rock sequence

Back 88

Sand is covered with mud and mud is covered with limestone

Front 89

Depositional basins formed due to tensional forces

Back 89

TRUE

Front 90

Which of the tectonic plate boundaries can create mountains that becomes the source area for basin

Back 90

convergent plates