Chapter 4 Organization Of The Body (Med Term)

Front 1

atom

Back 1

smallest, most basic chemical unit of an element

Front 2

Proton

Back 2

a positively charged particle

Front 3

Neutron

Back 3

without any electrical charge

Front 4

Electron

Back 4

negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus of an atom

Front 5

Element

Back 5

a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into any other substances

118 elements

Front 6

what 6 elements make you the mass of the human body?

Back 6

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus

Front 7

Molecule

Back 7

a chemical combination of two or more atoms that form a specific chemical compound.

Front 8

Water

Back 8

65% of male body weight

55% of woman body weight

most important constituent of all body fluids, secretions and excretions

Front 9

Cells

Back 9

basic building blocks for the various structures that together make up a human being

Front 10

what is the outer covering of the cell?

Back 10

cell membrane

Front 11

cytoplasm

Back 11

the substance between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. it is a jelly like material that is mostly water. It provides storage and work areas for the cell.

Front 12

Organelles

Back 12

work and storage elements of the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes and centrioles

Front 13

nucleus

Back 13

responsible for the cell's metabolism, growth, and reproduction. it is the central portion of the cell that contains the chromosomes.

Front 14

how many pairs of chromosomes does the humn body have?

Back 14

23

Front 15

Genome

Back 15

the complete set of genes and chromosomes tucked inside each of the body's trillions of cells.

Front 16

Stem cells

Back 16

the precursors of all body cells.

1. they are capable of diving and renewing themselves for long periods.

2. they are unspecialized

3.they can give rise to specialized cell types

Front 17

what are some primary sources of stem cells?

Back 17

embryos, adult tissues, and umbilical cord blood.

Front 18

cell membrane

Back 18

protects the cell, provides communication via receptor proteins;

Front 19

Ribosomes

Back 19

make enzymes and other proteins ( protein factories)

Front 20

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 20

carries proteins and other substance through the cytoplasm

Front 21

Golgi Apparatus

Back 21

chemically processes the molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and then packages them into vesicles; nicknamed " chemical processing and packaging center"

Front 22

Mitochondria

Back 22

involved in cellular metabolism and respiration; provides the principle source of cellular energy and is the place where complex, energy-releasing chemical reactions occur continuously; "power plants"

Front 23

lysosomes

Back 23

contain enzymes that can digest food compounds; nicknamed "digestive bags"

Front 24

Centrioles

Back 24

play an important role in cell reproduction

Front 25

Cilia

Back 25

Hairlike processes that project from epithelial cells; help propel mucus, dust particles, and other foreign substances from the respiratory tract

Front 26

Flagellum

Back 26

"tail" of the sperm that enables the sperm to "swim" or move toward the ovum

Front 27

Nucleus

Back 27

Controls every organelle (little organ) in the cytoplasm; contains the genetic matter necessary for cell reproduction as well as control over activity within the cell's cytoplasm ; responsible for the cell's metabolism, growth, and reproduction

Front 28

tissue

Back 28

a grouping of similar cells that together perform specialized functions.

Front 29

what are the 4 types of tissues

Back 29

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve

Front 30

Epithelial Tissue

Back 30

appear as sheetlike arrangements of cells, sometimes layers thick, that form the outer surfaces of the body and line the body cavities and the principal tubes and passageways leading to the exterior.

Front 31

what are the 6 main functions of epithelial tissue?

Back 31

Protection, Sensation, Secretion, Absorption, Excretion and Diffusion

Front 32

Connective Tissue

Back 32

most widespread and abundant of the body tissues; forms the supporting network for the organs of the body, sheaths the muscles, and connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. Bone is a dense form of connective tissue

Front 33

What are three types of muscle tissues?

Back 33

1. Skeletal Muscle(voluntary muscle)

2. Smooth muscle (involuntary muscle)

3. Cardiac Muscle ( is an involuntary muscle and is a specialized form of striated tissue found only in the heart. Cardiac muscle is under the control or the autonomic nervous system)

Front 34

Nerve Tissue

Back 34

Consists of nerve cells and supporting cells called neuroglia. It has the properties of excitability and conductivity and functions to control and coordinate the activities of the body.

Front 35

Cephalic

Back 35

pertaining to the head, superior in position

Front 36

Caudal

Back 36

pertaining to the tail; inferior in position

Front 37

Cavities

Back 37

a hollow space containing containing body organs