Chapter 4 Of Module 1

Front 1

The domain of nursing

Back 1

domain is the perspective of a profession.
Provides practical and theoretical aspects for the discipline.
It provides a means to identify and treat clients' health care needs at all levels of health and in all health care settings.

Front 2

Paradigm

Back 2

a paradigm links science, phiosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline. Includes four linkages: the person, health, environment/situation, and nursing

Front 3

Elements of nursings' paradigm

Back 3

direct the activity of the nursing profession, including knowledge development, philosophy, theory, educational experience, research, and practice.

Front 4

Person

Back 4

the recipient of nursing care, including individual clients, families, and communities.
Is central to the nursing care you provide.

Front 5

Health

Back 5

-has different meaning for each client, the clinical setting, and the health care profession.
-Is dynamic and continuously changing.
-challenge is to provide the best possible care based ont the client's level of health and health care needs at the time of are delivery

Front 6

Environment/situation

Back 6

includes all possible conditions affecting the client and the setting in which health care needs occur.

Front 7

While physicians diagnose and treat disease, nursing is the....

Back 7

diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems (ANA, 2003)

Front 8

Theory

Back 8

-Explains a phenomenon
-is a set of concepts, definitions, and assumptions of propositions to explain a phenomenon

Front 9

Nursing Theory

Back 9

-A conceptualization of some aspect of nursing
-communicates the purpose of describing, explaing, predicting, and/or prescribing nursing care.

Front 10

Phenomenon

Back 10

an aspect of reality that people consciously sense or experience.

Front 11

In relationship of theory to nursing practice, theories...

Back 11

-generate nursing knowledge for use in practice
-can direct how to use nursing process
-ae adaptable to different clients and all care settings

Front 12

Concepts

Back 12

A theory consists of interrelated concepts.
-can be simple or complex and relate to an object or event -are ideas and mental images-help to describe or lable phenomena.

Front 13

Definitions within a theory

Back 13

communicate the general meaning of the concepts.

Front 14

Assumptions

Back 14

are the "taken for granted" statements that explain the nature of the concepts, definitions, purpose, relationships, and structure of a theory.

Front 15

Grand theories

Back 15

-broad in scope, complex, and require further specification through research
-does not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions but provides the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing.

Front 16

Middle-range theories

Back 16

more limited in scope and are less abstract - address specific phenomenon and reflect practice (administration, clinical, or teaching) - the phenomena tend to cross different nursing fields and reflect a wide variety of nursing care situations - provides basis to assist clients in cping with the uncertainty and the illness response

Front 17

Descriptive theories

Back 17

-the first level of theory development - describe phenomena, speculate on why it occurs, and describes the consequences of phenomena - the explain, relate, and in some situations predict nursing phenomena - do not direct specific nursing activities but help to explain client assessments

Front 18

Prescriptive theories

Back 18

-address nursing interventions for phenomena and predict the consequence of a specific nursing intervention - are action oriented and test the validity and predictablility of a nursing intervention - guides nursing research to develop and test specific nursing interventions - provides a framework to design interventions that support and strenthen clients' coping resources

Front 19

interdisciplinary theory

Back 19

explains a systematic view of a phenomenon specific to the discipline of inquiry

Front 20

An open system

Back 20

interacts with the environment, exchanging information between the system and the environment. Factors that change the environment also affect the system. (ex. human organism or processes like the nursing process)

Front 21

A closed system

Back 21

does not interact with the environment (ex. a chemical reaction within a test tube)

Front 22

Input for the nursing process

Back 22

the data or information that comes form a client's assesment

Front 23

Output for the nursing process

Back 23

is the end product of a system, it is whether the client's health status improves or remains stable as a result of nursing care

Front 24

Feedback for the nursing process

Back 24

serves to inform a system about how it functions - the outcomes reflect the client's responses to nursing interventions.

Front 25

Nursing process - system content

Back 25

the product and information obtained from the system - is the information about the nursing care for clients with specific health care problems. (ex. clients with impaired mobility have common skin care needs and interventions that are very successful in reducing the risk for pressure ulcers)

Front 26

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Back 26

an interdisciplinary theory that is useful for designating priorities of nursing care. The hierarchy of basic human needs includes five levels of priority: 1st physiological needs, 2nd safety and security needs. 3rd love and belonging needs. 4th esteem and self-esteem needs. 5th need for self-actualization
(Basic human needs)

Front 27

Developmental Theories

Back 27

a variety of well-tested theoretical models that describe and predict behavior and devlopment at various phases of life; from conception to death

Front 28

Psychosocial Theories

Back 28

theorectical models to explain and/or predict client responses in each of the following domains: physiological, psychological, sociocultrual, developmental, and spiritual needs of clients