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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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example of eukaryotes
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fungi
protozoa algae plants animals |
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what are the characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
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-larger
-more complex - all contains nucleus and other organelles |
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what are the characteristic of the cell wall of eukaryotic cells?
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-rigid but simpler
-variable make up -provide protection |
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what are the characteristic of the euk. plasma membrane?
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-fluid mosaic model
-contain sterols for strenght and carbohydrated as receptor -selective permeable |
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what are the characteristics of the cytoplasm?
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- everything inside the plasma membrane except the nucleus
- has a liquid portion called cytosol |
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what are the characteristics of the cytoskeleton?
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-a major component of cytoplasm
- a network of proteins filaments and microtubules -control cell shape, cell movement, intracellular transport |
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what are the characteristics of the ribosomes?
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-not an organelle
-attached to the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm -made in the nucleolus -site for proteins synthesis -80s for eukaryotes -70s for prokaryotes and found only in chloropasts and mitochondria |
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what are the characteristics of an organelle?
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-membrane bounded intracellular structure
-compartmentalize athe cytoplasm -allow cell to carry out biochemical reaction simultaneously -have special functions |
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name the organelles
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-nucleus
-ER -golgi apparatus -mitrochondria -chloroplast -lysosomes -vacuoles -perixosomes |
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characteristics of the nucleus
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-has nuclear envelope: double membrane
-nuclear pores:channels in envelope -chromatin:DNA+histones+ other proteins -chromosomes: condese chromatin visible during cell division -nucleolus: site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly |
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characteristics of the ER
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- extensive network of folded membrane
-has rough ER -has smooth ER |
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what are the charateristic of the Rough ER?
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-series of flatened sacs called cisterns
-continuous with outer nuclear envelope studded with ribosomes -for protein transport |
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what are the characteristic if the smooth ER?
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-network of membranous tubules
-extended from rough ER -no ribosomes on surface -for lipid and cell membrane synthesis |
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Characteristic of the Golgi apparatus
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- 4-20 flattened sacs in a stack in most eukaryotic cells
-for protein modificaiton, packaging, secretion and membrane formation |
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what are vesicles?
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small sac used to shuttle or store molecules
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what are the characteristics of the mitochondria?
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-powerhouse
-site of TCA cycle and ATP production -has a double membrane -outermembrane that contains porins -has an inner membrane that fold to form cristae -self replicates by binary fission |
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what is the matrix?
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semifluid inside inner membrane that contains enzyme , mitochondrial DNA and 70s ribosomes
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what are the characteristics of the chloroplasts?
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-double membrane
-site of photosynthesis -contain stroma, thylakoid, granum -self replicating - in algae and plant |
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what is the stroma?
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matrix inside the inner membrane
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what is the thylakoid?
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flatten membrane sacs
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what is the granum?
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a stack of thylakoid
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what are lysosomes characteristics?
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-formed from the golgi apparatus
-store digestive enzyme hydrolases for intracellular digestion -fonction best at ph 3.5-5.0 |
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what are the characteristics of vacuoles?
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-membrane bounded cavity
-store food, water, and waste -provide support -most often in plant cells |
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what are perixosomes?
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store oxidative enzyme such as peroxidase and catalase
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what is the endosymbiotic theory?
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-eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiosis between different specie of prokaryotes
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what are the evidence of endosymbiotic theory?
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-both mitochondria and chloroplast containd own DNA, have 70s ribosome and reproduce through binary fission
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what are cilia?
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short numerous, that helps cell for moving substances along cell surface
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what is flagella?
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few long that serve for motility
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what are the structure of flagella and cilia?
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-consist of membrane bound microtubules that have long hollow tubes made of tubulin
-anchored to cell membrane by basal body |
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what are the 9+2 arragement?
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9 pairs in a ring, 2 single in the center
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differences between prok and euk?
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- structurally and functionally different in many ways
-biochemically similar *same basic chemical composition *same genetic code *same basic metabollic processes |
