Chapter 4: Initial Studies

Front 1

Memory

Back 1

System or process by which the products or results of learning are stored for future use is called _______________.

Front 2

nonsense syllables

Back 2

Hermann Ebbinghaus used other stimuli in his experiments in which he focused his research on called _______________, composition of three letters arranged in consonant-vowel-consonant sequence.

Front 3

Serial Learning

Back 3

Herman Ebbinghaus method for measuring memory of lists of nonsense syllables was called ______________.

Front 4

Serial Learning

Back 4

Learning procedure in which material that has been learned must be repeated in the order in which it was presented was called _____________; often referred to as ordered recall.

Ex. the syllables of a phone number

Front 5

Free Recall

Back 5

Learning procedure in which material that has been learned may be repeated in any order is called ______________.

Ex. Recall all of the words you can form a list you saw previously

Front 6

Serial Recall

Back 6

In ____________________, you need to recall order as well as items.

Front 7

Primacy

Back 7

Items near the beginning of the list being easier to recall than the middle because of rehearsal is the _______________ effect.

Front 8

Recency

Back 8

Items near the end of the list being easier to recall than the middle because of lack of inference is the _____________ effect.

Front 9

Serial position

Back 9

Tendency for items at the beginning and end of a list tend to be learned better than the items in the middle is called the _____________ effect.

Front 10

Paired association learning

Back 10

Method of testing memory in which items to be recalled are learned in pairs. During recall, one member of the pair is presented and the other is to be recalled in called ___________________.

Front 11

Recall

Back 11

The Nonsense Syllables Recall chart, showed that _________ dropped dramatically with time, but it was higher if they slept after learning. But the main finding of Ebbinghaus research was the decrease in _________ over time.

Front 12

Recognition Test

Back 12

______________ test was a test in which retention is measured by the ability to pick out previously learned items from a list that also contains unfamiliar items.

Ex. Circle all the words you previously studied or Indicate which picture you saw yesterday.

Front 13

Relearning Test

Back 13

Test of retention that compares the time or trials required to learn material a second time with the time or trails required to learn the material first time ________________.

*NOSG

Front 14

Retention

Back 14

Ebbinghaus and the First Experiment Studies on Forgetting conducted and after memorizing lists of nonsense syllables, he measure the ______________ after varying intervals of time.

Front 15

58% and 44%

Back 15

Ebbinghaus and the First Experiment Studies on Forgetting showed forgetting was rapid at first, then it tapered off with _____% forgetting after first 20 min and ______% forgetting after an hour.