Chapter 4 Histology A&p Mrs. Levin Dcc

Front 1

epithelial tissue

Back 1

closely packed
one or more layers
specialized to cover or line internal & external body surfaces

Front 2

endothelium

Back 2

epithelial tissue on surfaces of interior of body.

Front 3

basement membrane

Back 3

epithelial tissue separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue, the basement membrane. provides structural support & binds to adjacent structure

Front 4

two groups of epithelium

Back 4

one cell thick = simple epithelium
two or more cells thick = stratified epithelium

Front 5

describe:
squamous (pavement) epithelium

Back 5

Shape: thin, flat
Nuclei: horizontal, flattened, elliptical
Where: line mouth, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and outer layer of skin.

Front 6

describe:
simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 6

Shape: square or cuboidal
Nuclei: spherical in center
Where: glands, kidney tubule lining, ducts of glands, germinal epithelium (produces eggs & sperm)

Front 7

basement membrane parts

Back 7

basil lamina (non-celllular, adhesive) - selective filter.
reticular lamina (collagen protein fibers)

Front 8

A tissue is a collection of...

Back 8

cells

Front 9

Name the four major tissues

Back 9

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Front 10

The inside of blood vessels is lined with
(what type of epithelium)

Back 10

simple squamous epithelium

Front 11

Trachea and bronchi are lined with

(what type of epithelium)

Back 11

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 12

The kidney tubules are lined with

(what type of epithelium)

Back 12

cuboidal epithelium

Front 13

Where is ciliated columnar epithelium found?

Back 13

lines fallopian tubes
lines the trachea
lines the small intestine

Front 14

Describe stratified epithelia

Back 14

consist of several layers of cells

Front 15

What does transitional epithelium allow?

Back 15

bladder to stretch.

Front 16

Describe columnar epithelium.

Back 16

columns with organized nuclei all located near the basement membrane, one layer

Front 17

Where does non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium occur?

Back 17

lines vagina, mouth & uterus

Front 18

Name the elements of connective tissue.

Back 18

cells
fibers
minerals
fluid matrix

Front 19

Name the types of connective tissue.

Back 19

blood
tendon
bone
adipose tissue
cartilage

Front 20

Describe cardiac muscle

Back 20

branched fibers,
intercalated discs between adjacent cells and
contracts automatically

Front 21

The surface cells of keratinised stratified squamous epithelium are continually...

Back 21

...being shed from the surface.

Front 22

Describe striated muscle tissue

Back 22

has long fibers
with cross bands and
nuclei on the surface

Front 23

Which muscle tissue moves bones?

Back 23

Striated voluntary muscle

Front 24

Which muscle tissue is found in blood vessel walls, in the gut wall and in glands?

Back 24

Smooth involuntary muscle

Front 25

What is the function of the following tissues?
a. connective
b. muscle
c. epithelial
d. nervous

Back 25

a. supporting and communicating
b. contracting
c. covering and lining
d. communicating

Front 26

Which tissue...
makes many glands such as sweat glands and salivary glands?

Back 26

epithelial

Front 27

Which tissue...
binds and connects body parts?

Back 27

connective

Front 28

Which connective tissue...
has a matrix of collagen with calcium and phosphate mineral deposits?

Back 28

bone

Front 29

Which connective tissue...
has a matrix that contains collagen with a gound substance of chondroitin and glucosamine which absorbs much water?

Back 29

cartilage

Front 30

Which connective tissue has cells trapped in cavities called lacunae around a solid matrix?

Back 30

bone and cartilage

Front 31

Which connective tissue forms the tissue of the nose, ear, intervertebral discs, ends of long bones?

Back 31

cartilage

Front 32

Which connective tissue make ligaments and tendons?

Back 32

dense fibrous connective tissue

Front 33

Which connective tissue stores energy, and serves to insulate and protect; contains little matrix?

Back 33

adipose tissue

Front 34

What type of connective tissue binds skin to underlying tissue?

Back 34

loose fibrous connective tissue

Front 35

Which connective tissue has a matrix composed of collagen and elastin fibers (2 answers)

Back 35

dense fibrous connective tissue
and
cartilage

Front 36

Which connective tissues have cells called chondrocytes that make and secret the matrix?

Back 36

cartilage

Front 37

Which connective tissues have cells called osteocytes that make and secret the matrix?

Back 37

bone

Front 38

Which connective tissues have cells called fibroblasts that make and secret the matrix? (2 answers)

Back 38

dense fibrous connective tissue
loose fibrous connective tissue

Front 39

What is the only type of connective tissue whose matrix is not made by the cells?

Back 39

blood

Front 40

Which muscle cells are long, cylindrical in shape with many nuclei?

Back 40

Skeletal muscle

Front 41

Which cells appear striated (striped) in appearance under the microscope? (2 answers)

Back 41

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle

Front 42

Which muscle cells are relatively small spindle-shaped cells with no striated appearance?

Back 42

Smooth muscle

Front 43

Which muscle cell shape appears branching?

Back 43

Smooth muscle

Front 44

Which is the only muscle tissue mostly under our voluntary control?

Back 44

Skeletal muscle

Front 45

Which muscle lines many internal organs?

Back 45

Smooth muscle

Front 46

Which muscle contains organized actin and myosin contractile proteins (2 answers)

Back 46

Skeletal muscle and
smooth muscle

Front 47

List the general characteristics of all epithelial tissues (E.T).

Back 47

- found lining or covering organs
- free edge & basement membrane
- closely packed, tight junctions
(little interstitial space)
- simple or striated
- functions: diffusion, absorption, moving materials, protection, secretion

Front 48

Define
simple (epithelium)

Back 48

one layer of cells

Front 49

Define
desmosome

Back 49

cell junctions joined by filaments

Front 50

Define
gap junction

Back 50

cell passageways between two cells, made of protein.

Front 51

Define
stratified (epithelium)

Back 51

multilayered cells

Front 52

Define squamous (epithelium)

Back 52

flat

Front 53

Define cuboidal (epithelium)

Back 53

cube shaped (or rounded)

Front 54

Define columnar (epithelium)

Back 54

longer than wide

Front 55

Define goblet cell

Back 55

goblet shaped cell, produces mucus.

Front 56

Define basement membrane

Back 56

"glue" that holds E.T. to the layer of tissue below.

Front 57

Define pseudostratified (epithelium)

Back 57

falsely layered. appears multilayered but is only one cell layer.

Front 58

Which epithelial tissues ten to have very regularly spaced and linear nuclei? (two answers)

Back 58

cuboidal and columnar

Front 59

What is the difference between
1. microvilli,
2. villi, and
3. cilia?

Back 59

1. microvilli - microscopic tiny projections which increase the surface area of some columnar cells
2. villi - found in the intestines, visible projections of the inner lining made up of columnar E.T.
3. cilia - microscopic hair-like projections on the free edge, found in the thousands and move in a wave like motion

Front 60

List the seven functions of Connective Tissues.

Back 60

protection,
shape,
support,
movement,
levers,
connects,
transport,
storage,
fills spaces,
hematopoesis.

Front 61

Define matrix

Back 61

ground substance holding cells together.

Front 62

Define fibroblast

Back 62

produce matrix and fibers

Front 63

Define mast cell

Back 63

WBC, produces heparin & histamine, goes out of blood and SQUEEZEs between epithelial cells... change their shape... ooze between cells.. get into tissues and stay there.
Secrete heparin, which is a blood thinner. Fagocytize bacteria.
histamine and heparin

Front 64

Define macrophages

Back 64

develop from monocytes, a type of white blood cell. Have an irregular shape with short branching projections, can engulf bacteria and debris by phagocytosis.

Front 65

Define pseudostratified (epithelium)

Back 65

falsely layered. appears multilayered but is only one cell layer.

Front 66

Which epithelial tissues ten to have very regularly spaced and linear nuclei? (two answers)

Back 66

cuboidal and columnar

Front 67

What is the difference between
1. microvilli,
2. villi, and
3. cilia?

Back 67

1. microvilli - microscopic tiny projections which increase the surface area of some columnar cells
2. villi - found in the intestines, visible projections of the inner lining made up of columnar E.T.
3. cilia - microscopic hair-like projections on the free edge, found in the thousands and move in a wave like motion

Front 68

List the distinguishing characteristics of each of the 5 ET.
How do you know which tissue is which?

Back 68

xx

Front 69

Where would you find each of the six types of E.T.?

Back 69

xx

Front 70

List the seven functions of Connective Tissues.

Back 70

protection,
shape,
support,
movement,
levers,
connects,
transport,
storage,
fills spaces,
hematopoesis.

Front 71

Define matrix

Back 71

ground substance holding cells together.

Front 72

Define fibroblast

Back 72

produce matrix and fibers

Front 73

Define mast cell

Back 73

WBC, produces heparin & histamine, goes out of blood and SQUEEZEs between epithelial cells... change their shape... ooze between cells.. get into tissues and stay there.
Secrete heparin, which is a blood thinner. Fagocytize bacteria.
histamine and heparin

Front 74

Define macrophages

Back 74

develop from monocytes, a type of white blood cell. Have an irregular shape with short branching projections, can engulf bacteria and debris by phagocytosis.

Front 75

Define osteoblast

Back 75

blasts make the matrix

Front 76

Define osteoclast

Back 76

clasts break matrix down

Front 77

Define osteocytes

Back 77

adult bone cells.
are in the lacunae - small spaces between lamellae

Front 78

Define chondrocytes

Back 78

cartilage cells

Front 79

Define adipocytes

Back 79

fat storage cells

Front 80

Define collagen

Back 80

wide, tough protein making up collagenous fibers

Front 81

Define elastin

Back 81

thin protein making up elastic fibers. can be stretched and return to normal length when released.

Front 82

Define reticular fibers

Back 82

collagenous fibers that are short & thin & intermeshed to form a network.

Front 83

Define lacunae

Back 83

depression in a dense or solid matrix where resident cells reside.

Front 84

List the major characteristics of most connective tissues.

Back 84

- cells far apart with matrix holding the tissue together and connecting the cells.
- matrix varies from liquid to solid to gel.
- fibers present at some point. -
- resident cells may be fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes

Front 85

What are the concentric layers called in bone tissue?

Back 85

lamellae

Front 86

Define compact bone

Back 86

no spaces between osteons

Front 87

Define spongy bone

Back 87

spaces between some osteon with trabeculae as support "beams"

Front 88

Define canaliculae

Back 88

tiny canals radiating out from the osteonic canal to the lacunae in bone

Front 89

Define lamellae

Back 89

concentric circles layered around the osteonic canal.

Front 90

Define Haversian canal (osteonic canal)

Back 90

Large cylindrical hole within an osteon housing blood vessels and nerve endings. .

Front 91

Define leukocytes

Back 91

White blood cells, large, darkly stained nuclei, which are irregular or lobed

Front 92

Define erythrocytes

Back 92

Red blood cells. stain pink, no nucleus, uniformly smaller.

Front 93

Define thrombocytes

Back 93

platelets; tiny darkly stained dots interspersed between RBC's

Front 94

Define plasma

Back 94

matrix
liquid, pale yellow

Front 95

Which muscle cell is striated?

Back 95

skeletal muscle and
cardiac muscle

Front 96

Which muscle cell is involuntary?

Back 96

smooth muscle and
cardiac muscle

Front 97

Which muscle cell has long, parallel cells?

Back 97

skeletal muscle

Front 98

Which muscle cell has intercalcated discs?

Back 98

cardiac muscles

Front 99

Which muscle cell is spindle shaped?

Back 99

smooth muscle

Front 100

Which muscle cell has a large single central nucleus?

Back 100

Smooth muscle

Front 101

Which muscle cell has branched cells?

Back 101

Cardiac muscle

Front 102

Which muscle cell is multinucleated?

Back 102

Skeletal muscle

Front 103

Which muscle cell is voluntary?

Back 103

Skeletal muscle

Front 104

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Back 104

contraction causing movement

Front 105

Compare the way skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles contract using these terms:
twitch, rhythmic, self-stimulating, peristalsis, voluntary, involuntary.

Back 105

skeletal: twich, voluntary

smooth: rhythmic, peristalsis, involuntary

cardiac: rhythmic, self-stimulating, involuntary

Front 106

List the locations of each of the different types of muscle tissue.

Back 106

skeletal: attached to bones and/or other muscles
smooth: walls of hollow organs & scattered throughout the body
cardiac: heart

Front 107

What are the two types of cells found in nervous tissue?

Back 107

neurons and neuroglia (Glial cells)

Front 108

List some of the major parts of a neuron

Back 108

dendrites, axon, body, nucleus, schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier, synaptic/terminal/axonal knobs, nissl bodies, hillock, collateral

Front 109

What are the functions of nervous tissue?

Back 109

respond to stimuli and convey impulses