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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Great Wagon Road
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An old Iroquois trail followed by many European settlers leading them into the backcountry of Pennsylvania.
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Holy Experiment
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How William Penn thought of his country, modeling it on religious freedom, peace and Christian living.
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Patroon
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Owners of huge Dutch estates given to them by the Dutch government to encourage farming in New Netherlands.
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Philadelphia
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A Greek word meaning "brotherly love." A capital city located on the Delaware River.
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Peter Stuyvesant
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An unpopular governor of new Amsterdam.
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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The name given to a large number of German speaking Protestants who settled in Pennsylvania between 1730 and 1750.
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Quakers
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One of the most despised religious groups in England.
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Proprietary Colony
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A colony given by the king to a single individual in return for a yearly payment.
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Royal Colony
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A colony under the direct control of the king.
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Gentry
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Wealthy planters, merchants, and other successful people in the colonies belonged to the top of the social classes.
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Indentured Servants
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Signed contracts to work without wages for a period of 4 to 7 years.
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Jonathan Edwards
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A New England minister helped throughout his powerful sermons, to set of a religious movement in the colonies.
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Great Awakening
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A religious movement in the colonies set by Jonathan Edwards.
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Apprentice
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In the colonies, young boys whose parents wanted them to learn a trade or craft.
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Enlightenment
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A movement of the late 1600s and 1700s whose proponents believed in reason and scientific methods.
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George Whitefield
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Was an English minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in America.
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Benjamin Franklin
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Was an American thinker, inventor, and statesman who was an example of the Enlightenment spirit.
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John Peter Zenger
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Was a newspaper publisher whose trail for libel strengthened the idea of freedom of the press.
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Libel
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Strengthened the idea of freedom of the press
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Mason- Dixon Line
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Formed the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland.
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Sir George Calvert
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Planned to build a colony, naming it Maryland, where Catholics, could practice there religion freely. Unfortunately he died before he could realize his dream and it was up to his son.
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Lord Baltimore
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Sir George Calvert's son, he finished his fathers project or practicing religion freely. He created an elected assembly.
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Chespeake Bay
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In 1634, about 200 colonists landed along the upper shores. Across from England's first colony, Virginia
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Act of Tolerance
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Was a law passed by the Maryland colonial government providing religious freedom to all christians.
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Nathanial Bacon
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In 1676, angry over the Virginia governor's lack of action against Indian attacks on settlers led his followers to Jamestown and burned the capital.
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Indigo
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Settlers in South Carolina learned to raise a cash crop plant used to make valuable dye.
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James Oglethrope
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In 1732 the colony of Georgia was founded and as a place where debtors could make a fresh start.
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Debtors
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A person who cannot pay money he or she owns.
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Tidewater Plantations
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Southern planters build very large farms and employed from 20 to 200 slaves on his land close to the ocean shores.
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Middle Passage
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Referred to the route taken by slave ships traveling west across the Atlantic Ocean.
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Slave Codes
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Are laws passed in the Southern colonies which denied slaves their basic rights.
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Racism
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The belief that one race is superior to another.
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Mercantilism
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The economic theory states that a nations becomes strong by strictly controlling trade.
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Import
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Trade goods brought into a country.
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Export
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Trade goods sent outside a country.
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English Bill Of Rights
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Colonists won more rights as a result.
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Triangular Trade
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Was a route involving the Americas, Europe and Africa.
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Legislature
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Power to make laws in each colony.
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Navigation Acts
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The English Parliament passed a series of acts which regulated trade between England and her colonies.
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Glorious Revolution
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The English Parliament replaced King James with William and Mary.
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Town Meeting
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Meeting in the Colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues.
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Sabbath
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Holy day of rest.
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Religious Tolerance
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Willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.
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Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut
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A 1639 plan of government in the Puritan colony in Connecticut.
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General Court
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Elected representative assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Puritans
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group of English Protestants who settled the Massachusetts bay Colony.
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Meetinghouse
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A Quaker place of worship. Historical a Protestant place of worship.
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The Common
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An open field where cattle grazed.
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King Phillip
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(c.1639–1676) chief of the Wampanoag Indians; Indian name Metacomet; the son of Massasoit. He waged King Philip's War 1675–76 on the New England colonists because they had taken some of his land and had killed three of his warriors. His defeat and death in battle ended Indian resistance in New England.
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Metacomet
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Son of Massasoit.
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Roger Williams
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( c. 1603–83), American clergyman; born in England. Banished from Massachusetts, he founded the colony of Rhode Island and, within it, the settlement of Providence in 1636 as a refuge from political and religious persecution. He served as Rhode Island's president 1654–57.
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Hartford
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The capital of Connecticut, in the center of the states, on the Connecticut River; pop. 121,578.
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Thomas Hooker
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( c. 1586–1647) American clergyman; born in England. A founding settler of Hartford, Connecticut, in 1636, he helped to write the Fundamental Orders (1639), which was Connecticut's original constitution. Also a Puritan minister led about 100 settlers out of the Massachusetts Bay.
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Boston
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A city in eastern Massachusetts, the capital of the state, on Massachusetts Bay; pop. 589,141. It was founded c. 1630 by the Massachusetts Bay Company under its governor, John Winthrop (1588–1649). Boston was the scene of many disturbances that led to the American Revolution at the end of the 18th century.
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John Winthrop
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(1588–1649), American colonial leader; born in England. He was the first governor 1630–49 of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Also he was a puritan.
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Charles I
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The name of two kings of England, Scotland, and Ireland. (1600–49), son of James I; reigned 1625–49. His reign was dominated by the deepening religious and constitutional crisis that resulted in the English Civil War 1642–49. After the battle of Naseby, he tried to regain power in alliance with the Scots, but his forces were defeated in 1648; he was tried by a special Parliamentary court and beheaded.
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Cash Crop
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Crop sold for money at the market.
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The Duke of York
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King Charles II gave New Netherland to his brother, he and renamed the colony New York in the duke's honor.
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William Penn
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Founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681, and joined the Quakers one of the most despised religious groups in England.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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Lasted only a short time when Bacon died suddenly, the revolt fell apart.
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The Backcountry
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Was more democratic that the Tidewater. Settlers there were more likely to treat one another as equals. Few enslaved Africans worked on the smaller farms in the backcountry. Men tended smaller fields of tobacco or garden crops such as beans, corn, or peas.
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Savannah
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A port in Georgia, just south of the border with South Carolina, on the Savannah River close to its outlet on the Atlantic; pop. 131,510.
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Charles Town
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Eight English nobles set up a larger colony. The colony sprang up where the Ashley and Cooper rivers met. Later the town's name was shortened to Charleston. The colony became known as South Carolina in 1719.
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Margaret and Mary Brent
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Two sisters who arrived in Maryland in 1638 with nine male servants. They set up two plantations of about 1,000 acres each. Margaret helped prevent a rebellion among the governors soldiers
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St. Mary's
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The newcomers avoided the swampy lowlands and built their first town, St. Mary's in a drier location.
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Yankee
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Nickname for New England merchants who dominated colonial trade.
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Bill Of Rights
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Written list of freedoms the government promises and protect.
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John Locke
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(1632–1704), English philosopher; a founder of empiricism and political liberalism. His Two Treatises of Government (1690) argues that the authority of rulers has a human origin and is limited. In An Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690) he argued that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.
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Poor Richards Almanack
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Benjamin Franklin built a successful printing business and his most popular publication was “Poor Richards Almanack.” Published yearly, it contained useful information and clever quotes, such as “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
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Middle Class
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n the 13 English colonies, a class That included skilled craftworkers, farmers, and some trades people.
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Gullah
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Combination of English and West African languages spoken by African Americans in the South Carolina colony.
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Public School
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School supported by taxes.
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Tutor
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Private teacher.
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Dame School
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School run by a women, usually in her own home.
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Negro Election Day
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Was a truly American custom, blending traditions from Africa and England. As the American colonies grew in the 1700s, they became more than rough settlements. Old customs and ideas were being shaped into a new culture that was distinctly American.
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