Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the title of chapter 1?
|
struggle for control
|
|
When was the end of the British struggle to control the Western for territories?
|
1755
|
|
when was the deportation off the Acadians?
|
1755
|
|
who were the two generals?
|
General Wolfe and General Montcalm
|
|
who was the French general?
|
General Montcalm
|
|
who was the British general?
|
general Wolfe
|
|
When was seven years War?
|
1756
|
|
When was a conquest of Louisbourg?
|
1758
|
|
When was a conquest of Québec
|
1759
|
|
when was the conquest of Montréal?
|
1760
|
|
when was the Treaty of Paris?
|
1763
|
|
when was the British military rule and French rule in Québec?
|
1763
|
|
what treaty concluded the seven years war?
|
the Treaty of Paris
|
|
what did the royal proclamation of 1763 create?
|
the original province of Quebec
|
|
when did the British decided to assimilate the French into the British Empire?
|
1763
|
|
when the Britain decided on a policy of keeping Québec both French and British?
|
1774
|
|
what is the Québec act?
|
Britain decided on a policy of keeping Québec both French and British
|
|
what do major areas to the French and the British struggle to control?
|
The Fur Country and the Atlantic Region
|
|
what two countries were always at war?
|
Britain and France
|
|
was was the result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763?
|
All French possessions North America except for the tiny island's office a year and Miquelon off the coast of Newfoundland became British.
|
|
what is the reason for the control of Fur country dispute?
|
the British desire to control the Fur trade and to gain farmlands and the French desire to control the Fur trade and to prevent British expansion into the western part of North America
|
|
why was there a fight to control the Atlantic region?
|
rich fishing areas and strategic location
|
|
When was the Hudson's Bay Company established?
|
1670
|
|
the French and British depended on who to supply furs?
|
the native peoples
|
|
what are the two ways that the British fur trade was different from the French fur trade?
|
the British waited for the furs to come to them and the British group of them were run by merchants that put their money together to share the risks and profits
|
|
was a large or small percentage of Canada's native peoples whoever had contact with the Europeans?
|
small
|
|
name some European products
|
pots, pans, metal weapons
|
|
Many Native hunting bands gave up their __________ lifestyles.
|
migratory
|
|
Pelts could be traded for goods such as…
|
guns, ammunition, food, clothing, metal pots and pans.
|
|
What does migratory mean?
|
moving from place to place according to the season
|
|
What 2 things did the French do to protect their fur trade?
|
First they took military action against the British and second they expanded inland.
|
|
When were the armed clashes between British and French over the Fur trade?
|
1679-1713
|
|
Was either the French or British able to take control of the Fur trade in the Hudon's Bay from 1679-1713?
|
No
|
|
What treaty made all Hudson's Bay ports British property?
|
The Treaty of Utrecht
|
|
New France at one point extended from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence to the _____________________.
|
Gulf of Mexico
|
|
What task was Pierre La Verendrye given?
|
To establish French trading ports inland.
|
|
Which group, the British or French waited for pelts to be brought to them?
|
The British.
|
|
Who sent Henry Kelsey to Saskatchewan and Alberta?
|
The Hudson's Bay Company
|
|
Why did Native groups stop travelling to the Hudson's Bay?
|
They could trade with inland French fur trading posts
|
|
Was Henry Kelsey successful in persuading Native people to bring their furs to the Hudson's Bay posts?
|
No, he was not.
|
|
Who was Anthony Henday?
|
A trader sent by the Hudon's Bay Company.
|
|
Anthony Henday travelled all the way to what province?
|
Alberta
|
|
Who was the first trader to see large herds of buffalo on the praries?
|
Anthony Henday
|
|
Louisbourg was the center of French p--------
|
power
|
|
What did France lose in the Treaty of Utrecht
|
Acadia and Newfoundland
|
|
Newfoundland was located near to what great fishing area?
|
The Grand Banks
|
|
What river is the doorway to North America?
|
St. Lawrence
|
|
Was Louisbourg well constructed?
|
No.
|
|
What military port did the British construct?
|
Halifax
|
|
Did the British see Louisbourg as a threat?
|
Yes, that is why they built Halifax
|
|
How was Halifax built?
|
It was a townsite surrounded by five stockades
|
|
When did the British build Halifax?
|
1749
|
|
When did the French build Louisbourg?
|
1720
|
|
What was built first - Halifax or Louisbourg?
|
Louisbourg
|
|
Did the Acadians remain neutral?
|
Yes
|
|
Would the Acadians take an Oath of unqualified allegiance?
|
No, they remained neutral but would not swear allegiance to Britain
|
|
What would an unqualified oath mean?
|
You would have to fight for whoever you swear an oath to
|
|
In the 1750s what war war on the horizon?
|
The seven years war
|
|
In the 1750s did the people of North America know that a war between Britain and France was going to happen?
|
Yes, they knew it was coming
|
|
In the 1750s who was seen as a threat to the British in Nova Scotia?
|
The Acadians
|
|
Who decided that the Acadians were a threat to the British?
|
Governor Lawrence
|
|
What did governor Lawrence decide to do?
|
Deport the Acadians
|
|
Where were deported acadians taken?
|
To the 13 colonies and Louisiana
|
|
What happened to the property of the deported Acadians?
|
Their homes were burned and their property was confiscated
|
|
When did the major deportation of the Acadians take place
|
1755
|
|
How many Acadians were deported?
|
11000
|
|
When was the Seven Years War?
|
1756
|
|
Where did the French keep their troops during the Seven Years war?
|
In Europe
|
|
Where did Britain send troops duing the Seven Years War?
|
To North America
|
|
Who had more troops in North America during the Seven Years War?
|
The British had 7-8 times more troops in North America
|
|
What war had a great effect on the history of North America?
|
The seven years war
|
|
During the Seven Years War the French felt that the most important battlegrounds would be in ____________ and so kept their troops there.
|
Europe
|
|
What three fronts did the British plan to attack on during the Seven Years War?
|
Louisbourg, Ohio river valley, and Quebec
|
|
Control of the St. Lawrence depended on control of ____________
|
Louisbourg
|
|
The French in Louisbourg awoke one morning to ________ British ships in the harbour.
|
200
|
|
The French had many --- ----- in the Ohio Valley
|
Fur Forts
|
|
___________was the centre of French power in North America
|
Quebec
|
|
What British general succeded in taking Quebec?
|
General Wolfe
|
|
Who was the leader of the French forces?
|
General Montcalm
|
|
When did the British take Quebec?
|
1759
|
|
When did the British take Louisbourg?
|
1758
|
|
What was taken first Quebec or Louisbourg?
|
Louisbourg
|
|
While entering the St. Lawrence what do you come to first to Quebec or Louisbourg?
|
Louisbourg
|
|
Montcalm took his men and met on the ____________________
|
Plains of Abraham
|
|
The battle on the plains of Abraham took only ________ hour(s).
|
one
|
|
Both generals ___________ on the Plains of Abraham
|
died
|
|
Both generals did not know ….
|
who won the battle as they both died during it
|
|
After the British took Quebec the French retreated to ________________
|
Montreal
|
|
The first ship to come down the St. Lawrence with reinforcements would ….
|
determine the winner of the
|
|
In Septermber 1760 British troops marched into __________ burning crops along the way
|
Montreal
|
|
This French governor realized that the French could not win and so surrendered to the British.
|
Vaudreuil
|
|
Rather than surrender French flags the French leaders ordered that they be ____________
|
Burned
|
|
Montcalm thought that Vaundreuil could not be a good leader because he was -----
|
born in New France and had no experience of European warfare. Basically he was a snob.
|
|
Montcalm was not experienced in what type of warfare?
|
Guerilla
|
|
What is Guerilla warfare?
|
fighting in small bands, making sudden attacks and ambushes on the enemy
|
|
There is painting that shows Montcalm dying on the battlefeild. Where and when did he really die?
|
He died the next day not on the Plains of Abraham
|
|
The Plains of Abraham were fields next to what city?
|
Quebec
|
|
Both Wolfe and Montcalm joined the army …….
|
at a young age
|
|
Wolfe spend much of his time in 1759 doing what?
|
Camping along the St. Lawrence near Quebec looking for a way to take the city.
|
|
Why did Gereral Wolfes men win on the Plains of Abraham?
|
The were well disciplined and were able to fight on an open battlefield rather than the Guerilla style preferred by the French.
|
|
Why did people not want to be in the painting with General Wolfe?
|
He was not well liked.
|
|
When the Seven Years war was over in North America was it was not over in___________
|
Europe.
|
|
Until the Seven Years war was over in Europe the British instituted what?
|
Military Rule
|
|
When was British Military rule?
|
1760-3
|
|
The Canadiens during British Military Rule that New France would be returned to ______________
|
France
|
|
Who was General Amherst?
|
British Comander in Chief during the Seven Years War
|
|
British Military Rule was not a __________ military occupation
|
Harsh
|
|
Until a peace treaty was signed there was __________ about what in New Frnace?
|
uncertainty, daily life
|
|
What had happened to the farms of the Canadien militia during the Seven Years War?
|
They had been burned.
|
|
The French were worried about keeping their ___________ ___________ religion after the Seven Years war.
|
Roman Catholic
|
|
Who ran the educational system in New France and was deported?
|
The Jesuits
|
|
Were the nuns deported after the Seven Years war?
|
No
|
|
Many of the business people of New France were from France. What happened to their businesses after the returned to France after the Seven Years War?
|
British from the 13 colonies took over these businesses
|
|
What 5 aspects of life remained the same for the French immediately after the Seven Years War?
|
French language and religion, French civils law, preists, seigneurial system
|
|
When the Seven Years war was over in Europe this peace treaty was signed.
|
Treaty of Paris
|
|
What were the Effects of the Treaty (5)?
|
Eonomic stability, military curts use French civil law, French would not be deported, Roman Catholic Religion was maintained, seigneurial sytem was maintained
|
|
What is the difference between civil and criminal law?
|
Civil is to do with porperty rights or private citizens and Ciminal is to do with public wrongs.
|
|
What does ethnocentric mean?
|
You think that you have a superior culture.
|
|
The British believed they were superior to these two groups..
|
The French and Native people
|
|
What 2 Islands did the French get to keep?
|
St. Pierre and Miquelon
|
|
Even after the war the British felt that the French were a __________
|
Threat
|
|
IMPORTANT: What were the five alternatives that the British had in dealing with the French?
|
Deportation, Status-quo, Isolation, assimilation, Biculturalism
|
|
Explain Deportation, Status-quo, Isolation, assimilation, Biculturalism
|
See page 80
|
|
The Royal Proclamation outlined what?
|
What was to be done in Quebec after the Seven Years War
|
|
What was the main aim of the Quebec act?
|
To assimilate the French into British culture
|
|
How did the British propose to assimilate the French in The Proclamation of 1763?
|
ensure British customs, laws and language, attract British to Quebec, limit size of Quebec cutting the fur traderd out of the western fur trade, reassure native people that they had the Ohio valley to themselves.
|
|
The British knew that the Native population was unhappy because of what?
|
People from the 13 colonies were going into their space (the Ohio Valley)
|
|
Proclamation of 1763: Settlement pattern
|
Settlement in the Ohio and Missisippi valleys was forbidden. You need a licence to enter that area.
|
|
Proclamation of 1763: language
|
French would continue to be used
|
|
Proclamtion fo 1763: Religion
|
Roman Catholic Religion would continue but have no official status, catholics were barred from the legal profession
|
|
Proclamation of 1763: Government
|
Quebec ruled by British using British laws except French Civil law
|
|
Was the Proclamation successful?
|
No, the French were not assimilated
|