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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activation energy |
energy needed to break chemical bonds that allow chemical reactions to occur |
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Enzymes |
complex molecules, (mostly proteins) that reduce the amount of activation energy needed |
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More about Enzymes |
speed up the rate of the chemical reaction, Not altered by the reaction, can be reused many times. Most enzymes work in one direction |
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Pain receptors and enzymes |
Pain receptors respond to chemicals released by injured tissues. Enzymes help receptors produce nerve signals |
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Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, Asprin |
block that enzyme at the source |
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Morphine and Oxycodone |
block nerve transmission in the spinal cord |
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Anesthesia |
works by suppressing pain info in the brain |
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Cancer drugs |
many cancer drugs block cell division in tumors |
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Penicillin |
prevents bacteria from making cell walls |
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Oxidation |
"chemical burning" of food materials to obtain energy. it is a loss of electrons |
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What does Cellular Respiration include? |
Digestion, Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Cain |
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Types of sugar |
Glucose Sucrose Fructose Lactose Galactose Dextrose Maltose |
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1. Digestion |
fats, carbs, proteins broken down into:
fatty acids and glycerol, glucose and other sugars, and amino acids
no net energy produced here |
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2. Glyclysis |
Occurs in cell cytoplasm
Sugars, (6-carbon mol) split into 2 mols of pyruvic acid (2-carbon)
Requires 2 ATP, but produces 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
10 different reactions
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3. Krebs Cycle |
In matrix of Mitochondria
Pyruvic acid loses a carbon atom - relaese of CO2
Results in acetyl coenzyme A (2 carbon mol)
produces 2 ATP
Also produces NADH and FADH2 - these serve as carrier molecules to transport high energy electrons to last step, where lots of ATP will be generated. |
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4. Electron Transport Chain |
in Inner membrane of mitochondria
Oxygen used here
NADH and FADH2 broken down (oxidized)
water is realeased
32 ATP produced |
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Cellular Respiration: ATP production |
Digestion - no energy Glycolysis 2 ATP in, 4 out. 2 ATP gain Krebs Cycle - 2 ATP out Electron... - 32 ATP out Total = 32 ATP from one molecule of glucose |
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4. Electron Transport Chain |
some poisons work by blocking various steps in ETC
End result is prevention of ATP production - cells die |
