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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gene
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code for specific protein
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allele
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encodes for a functional enzyme
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mutation
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changes in DNA sequences
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single gene disorders
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Can be divided into autosomal and sex-linked disorders.
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Difference between autosomal and sex-linked disorders.
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Autosomal disorders are caused by defective genes found on the autosomal chromosomes. Sex linked disorders are caused by defective genes located on the sex chromosomes. The sex-linked disorders, however, generally affect males much more than females.
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Explain the significance of the completion of the Human Genome Project. Explain Alerternative splicing.
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The human genome project is significant in the fact that we can now read the genes of a living organism. Genes are split into small segments (exons). Alternative splicing allows for the same exons to encode for multiple proteins. In addition, smaller proteins can interact with each other and form larger and more complex proteins.
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Tay-Sachs disease and cystic fibrosis are inherited as __________ disorders.
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single-gene
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_____ disorders are caused by defective genes in the non-sex chromosomes.
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Autosomal
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Explain to your roommate what is wrong with a person with Tay-Sachs.
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A person with Tay-Sachs has a gene mutation. It destroys the baby's brain. They are blind, can't swallow, and suffer from seizures.
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Explain to your roommate what a multifactorial polygenetic disorder is.
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A multifactorial disorder involves multiple genes with mutations. These mutations do not cause the diesase directly but predispose and individual to the disease. These mutations combined with lifestyle and environmental factors determine whether a diease emerges or not.
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Explain how a person can carry a gene for a disease but not show.
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A person can be a carrier of a disease. They can have a gene for a genetic disorder but have another gene, a dominant gene, that can mask the affects of the faulty gene. If two parents carry this faulty gene they can both pass it on to the offspring with no dominant gene to mask it.
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