Chapter 4 Apush Key Terms

Front 1

Robert Walpole

Back 1

Who- A British salesman who was considered Britain's first Prime minister.
When- August 1676- March 1745.
Significance- Held the longest administration position in British history.

Front 2

Privy Council

Back 2

What- A body that advises the head of state concerning the exercise of executive authority.
When- British Privy council began in 1553 and is still in use today.
Significance- Used as a balance to keep the executive branch of a country in check if it goes out of control.

Front 3

Benjamin Franklin

Back 3

Who- Sometimes called 'the first American' he also discovered electricity and was a founding father of the United States.
When- January 1706- April 1790. Electricity 1750
Significance- Constantluy urged the need for the colonies to unite against common enemy or they would not gain their independence.

Front 4

New France

Back 4

What- A large sedction of land along rthe Saint LAwrence river that was originally colonized by the Frencg and then later turned over to the British.
When- exploration in 1534- peak 1712. All of New France was turned over to the British by 1803.
Significance- Was a large area of land that when acquired would allow for settlement and a way to continue towards the Pacific ocean.

Front 5

Paltry Wages

Back 5

What- Very small wages payed to workers.
When- 1600's
Significance- Allowed companies and businesses to keep money while paying their employees very little.

Front 6

Albany Plan

Back 6

What- A failed plan proposed to unite all the colonies.
When- Proposed in 1754 by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress.

Front 7

French and Indian War

Back 7

What- War between France and Britain in America.
When-1754- 1763. Began in North America and later erupted into the Seven Years war.
Significance- France was taken out of North America and removed an obstacle to the expansion of the colonies.

Front 8

Louis XIV

Back 8

Who- King of France for 72 years.
When- September 1638- September 1715. Reigned as king from when he was only four years old all the way to his death in1715.
Significance- Many new French colonies arose after the discovery of the Mississippi River in 1673.

Front 9

Missionary Zeal

Back 9

What- The level of enthusiasm of the Puritan Missionaries in the colonies was.
When- Colonial settlement
Significance- Zeal began to drop as time went by and as deism and reason began to take over in the intellectual elite of the colonies.

Front 10

Louis Joliet

Back 10

Who- French Canadian explorer who mapped most of the Mississippi River.
When- 1645- 1700. Discovered the Mississippi river in May 17, 1673.
Significance- Explored areas west of the colonies and opened up new areas for settlement.

Front 11

Father Jacques Marquette

Back 11

Who- A French Jesuit Missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement.
When- 1637- 1675. Started to explore the upper portions of the Mississippi river and established a mission in 1668.
Significance- created a new area for settlement along the Mississippi river and opened up the way for more explorations of the river.

Front 12

Rene Robert Cavalier

Back 12

Who- A French explorer Who explored the Mississippi River, great Lakes and the gulf of Mexico. Claimed all of the Mississippi River basin for France.
When- 1643- 1687. 1682- declared the river basin for France by burying an engraved plate and cross.
Significance- Mapped some of Eastern America's largest bodies of water.

Front 13

The Iroquois Confederacy

Back 13

Who- A Native American tribe that lived in what is modern day upstate New York.
When- 16th century - present day.
Significance- They and other native American tribes came together to form a league while the colonies had a very difficult time even trying to come together at all.

Front 14

King Williams War

Back 14

What- The first of the French and Indian wars. Caused by tensions between the boundary between the French and British colonies in the New World.
When- 1688- 1697
Significance- The end result was the formation of a peace treaty that did not last very long and paved the way to the future French and Indian war.

Front 15

Fort Necessity

Back 15

What- A British fort that came under attack and general Washington's only military surrender.
When- July 3, 1754.
Significance- Washington expected a rebuke for his failure but instead gained praise and the loss was blamed on poor supplies.

Front 16

William Pitt

Back 16

Who- Leader of Britain during the Seven Years War and A British Whig Statesman.
When- 1708- 1778
Significance- Attempted to persuade the King to settle the problem of the war for independence in America and bring peace on any terms.

Front 17

Siege of Quebec

Back 17

What- Battle between the American Colonial forces and British soldiers over the city of Quebec Canada.
When December 31, 1775
Significance- First major loss for the American army and stopped their efforts to push into Canada.

Front 18

Peace of Paris 1736

Back 18

What- An Agreement between Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal to end the Seven Years War.
When- February 10, 1763
Significance- Ended the global conflict of the seven years war by the major conflicting powers.

Front 19

Proclamation of 1763

Back 19

What- A law passed by King George III that was meant to regulate the migration into new territories acquired from the French.
When- Issued October 7, 1663
Significance- Opened up large portions of land for settlement for colonists.

Front 20

Greenville Ministry

Back 20

What- Ministry located in South Carolina.
When- The Great Awakening
Significance- Was a location where many ministers took place in the Great Awakening.

Front 21

Sugar Act

Back 21

What- A series of taxes set in place by Parliament in order to raise revenue for Great Britain from the colonies.
When- April 5, 1764
Significance- Only one in a series of acts that would cause tension in the colonies eventually leading to the Revolution.

Front 22

Currency Act

Back 22

What- Several acts of parliament that regulated the use of paper money in the Americas.
When- 1751, 1764
Significance- Made local commerce difficult and was a major contributor to the tensions for Revolution.

Front 23

Paxton Boys

Back 23

Who- A vigilante group of frontiersmen in response to the hatred towards Native Americans.
When- December 1763
Significance- Killed 20 Native Americans during a raid and held deep rooted hatred towards the Native population.

Front 24

Regulatory Movement

Back 24

What- A movement in South Carolina done to reestablish local government.
When- 1767
Significance- Offered an opportunity to be involved in the local government of South Carolina.

Front 25

Stamp Act

Back 25

What- An act that forced colonists to buy paper with a special revenue stamp from Britain with British currency.
When- Issued 1765
Significance- Made it difficult and costly for people and critical newspapers to express their grievances towards Britain.

Front 26

Virginia Resolves

Back 26

What- A series of resolutions put into place by the Virgina General Assembly in response to the Stamp act.
When- 1765, Patrick Henry's speech against King George III.
Significance- Created amny solutions for acts imposed by Parliament but many were never recognized.

Front 27

Sons of Liberty

Back 27

Who- A political group in colonial america that was made to incite Britain to change theri policies in the colonies.
When- Began 1765.
Significance- Some of their acts, such as the Gaspee incident, brought about the Intolerable Acts.

Front 28

The Tory's

Back 28

Who- Another name for British loyalists in colonial America.
When- began after population dislike of Britain's rule arose.
Significance- About 20% of the colonies' population were loyalists to Britain

Front 29

Mutiny Act

Back 29

What- A series of yearly acts passed by Parliament put into place to control its military.
When- Yearly approval
Significance- Not only controlled the army but also led to the inaction of the Quartering act

Front 30

Quartering act

Back 30

What- An act that forced colonists to house and feed local military units in their own homes.
When- 1765, 1774
Significance- Colonial unrest over the lack of privacy and intrusion

Front 31

Townshend Act

Back 31

What- put into place Revenue Act of 1767, the Indemnity Act, the Commissioners of Customs Act, the Vice Admiralty Court Act, and the New York Restraining Act in order to help raise revenue for Britain.
When-1767
Significance- Was fiercely boycotted and was later partially repealed in order to quell social unrest.

Front 32

Navigation Act

Back 32

What- A series of laws that restricted colonial trade with foreign countries other than Britain.
When- 1650- 1673
Significance- caused Britain to revert back to mercantilism and forced the colonists to smuggle goods from other countries in secret.

Front 33

Boston Massacre

Back 33

What- Five colonial civilians were killed by British soldiers enforcing the Townshend Acts.
When- March 5, 1770
Significance- The political aftermath of the killings helped to finally spark the Revolutionary War.

Front 34

Samuel Adams

Back 34

Who- Leader of the Paxton Boys and one of the founding fathers of the United States.
When-1722- 1803
Significance- One of the great leaders of the American revolution and was a master at developing propaganda to create mob violence.

Front 35

Loyalists

Back 35

Who- Another name for British loyalists in colonial America.
When- began after population dislike of Britain's rule arose.
Significance- About 20% of the colonies' population were loyalists to Britain

Front 36

Patriots

Back 36

Who- Colonists who wanted separation from Britain.
When- American Revolution
Significance- served as the counter to loyalists in colonial America.

Front 37

The Gaspee Incident

Back 37

What- The boarding and sinking g of the British navy vessel Gaspee.
When- June 9, 1772
Significance- Brought about the Coercive Acts.

Front 38

Tea Act

Back 38

What- A tax on imported tea and also monopolized the tea industry in the colonies to only the East India Company.
When- 1773
Significance- Caused so much unrest and rebellion that Parliament repealed some of their taxes from the colonies to quell the violence and unrest.

Front 39

Daughters of Liberty

Back 39

Who- A group like the Sons of Liberty who helped boycott British goods by creating their own goods at home.
When- Boycott of British Goods.
Significance- Made it easier to endure the boycotts by supplying some of the goods they were rejecting from home.

Front 40

Boston Tea Party

Back 40

What- Three British ships with tea that refused to return to Britain were boarded and the tea was destroyed by throwing the crates into the Boston Harbor.
When- December 16, 1773
Significance- Showed Britain that the colonists were serious about boycotting their goods and remains an iconic image of American history.

Front 41

Coercive Acts

Back 41

What- A series of five acts also called the intolerable acts, that sparked outrage in the colonies.
When- 1774, in response to the Boston tea party.
Significance- marked the turning point for unrest against Britain.

Front 42

First Continental Congress

Back 42

What- A meeting which the colonists came to many decisions, some of which included the creation of an army for defense against Britain, and to create a list of grievances.
When- September 5, 1774
Significance- Marked the alliance between the colonies against their common enemy, Britain.

Front 43

John Adams

Back 43

Who- One of the Founding fathers of the U.S. and the second president of the United States.
When- 1735- 1826
Significance- Was an advocate for separation from Britain during the Colonial congress meetings.

Front 44

Battle of Lexington and Concord

Back 44

What- The first shots of the American Revolution took place at Lexington.
When- April 19, 1775.
Significance- Marked the beginning of the American Revolution and the road to independence.

Front 45

General Thomas Gage

Back 45

Who- A British General in charge of forces in North America during the Revolutionary war.
When- 1720- 1787
Significance- Commanded the British forces in America during the revolutionary war and was recalled after his defeat in the Siege of Boston.

Front 46

Paul Revere

Back 46

Who- A rider who warned the minutemen of an impending British advance.
When- 1735- 1818
Significance- Warned of an incoming British attack and allowed American forces to be prepared in time.

Front 47

John Dickinson's Letters From a Farmer

Back 47

What- Letters written from John Dickinson that helped to unite the colonies together during the Townshend act.
When- 1767- 1768
Significance- United the colonies together during the Townshend act and showcased the grievances about Britain.

Front 48

The Massachusetts Circular Letter

Back 48

What- A letter written by Samuel Adams that displayed the unrest due to the Townshend act.
When- February 1768
Significance- Resulted in the military occupation of Massachusetts due to the tension it caused with Parliament.