Chapter 4 And 5 Vocab

Front 1

solid in which atoms r arranged in repeating patterns.

Back 1

crystal

Front 2

molten material found beneath earth's surface that forms minerals with large crystals when cooled slowly and forms minerals with small crystals when cooled rapidly.

Back 2

magma

Front 3

naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure that forms from magma or from supersaturated solution.

Back 3

mineral

Front 4

ability of a mineral to break evenly and easily along 1 or more flat planes.

Back 4

cleavage

Front 5

mineral that contains silicon and oxygen and usually 1 or more other elements.

Back 5

silicate

Front 6

rare, precious, highly prized mineral that can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry.

Back 6

gem

Front 7

ability of a mineral to break into pieces with arc-like, rough, or jagged edges.

Back 7

fracture

Front 8

describes the metallic or nonmetallic way that a mineral reflects light from its surface.

Back 8

luster

Front 9

measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched, which is determined by the arrangement of a mineral's atoms.

Back 9

hardness

Front 10

mineral that contains a useful substance that can be mined at a profit.

Back 10

ore

Front 11

color a mineral leaves when it is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate or when it is broken up and powdered.

Back 11

streak

Front 12

ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of H2O at 4 degrees C.

Back 12

specific gravity

Front 13

fine-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools quickly and solidifies on earth's surface.

Back 13

extrusive

Front 14

sequential, predictable, dual-branched pattern in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma

Back 14

bowen's reaction series

Front 15

process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements fro magma.

Back 15

fractional crystallization

Front 16

coarse-grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools slowly and solidifies inside earth's crust.

Back 16

intrusive

Front 17

intrusive or extrusive rock formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma; can be classified as felsic, mafic, intermediate, and ultramafic, according to its mineral composition.

Back 17

igneous rock

Front 18

light-colored igneous rocks that contain quartz and feldspars and have high silica contents.

Back 18

felsic

Front 19

magma that flows out onto earth's surface.

Back 19

lava

Front 20

process in which different minerals melt into magma at different temperatures, changing its composition.

Back 20

partial melting

Front 21

dark-colored igneous rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium.

Back 21

mafic

Front 22

rare, ultramafic rock that can contain diamonds and other minerals formed only under very high pressures.

Back 22

kimberlite

Front 23

rock texture characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals of the same minerals.

Back 23

porphyritic

Front 24

igneous rocks with low silica content and very high levels of magnesium and iron.

Back 24

ultramafic

Front 25

vein deposit of extremely large-grained minerals that can contain rare ores such as lithium and beryllium.

Back 25

pegmatite