Chapter 4 And 5

Front 1

Is the process of being used to determine the particle sizes of gravel and fine aggregates.

Back 1

Sieve analysis

Front 2

The rate of settlement of solid through a given liquid or gas is proportional to the square of the diameter of the solid.

Back 2

Stoke's law

Front 3

In case of fine grained soil, sieve analysis test does not give reliable test result. This because a fine grained soil consist of different sizes of particles starting from 0.075 mm to 0.0002 mm. and it is not practicable to design sieve having so smaller screen size. Also there is a chance of lost of sample during sieving. Therefore hydrometer analysis is done for grain size analysis of fine grained soils.

Back 3

Hydrometer test

Front 4

Signifies the percentage of moisture at which the sample changes by decreasing the water from liquid to plastic state.

Back 4

The liquid limit test

Front 5

Signifies the percentage of moisture wherein the sample changes with lowering wetness from plastic to semi-solid condition.

Back 5

The plastic limit test

Front 6

Is define the numerical difference between its liquid limit and its plastic limit. It also reffered to as a percentage of dry weight.

Back 6

The plastic index test

Front 7

Measures the changes in volume and weight that occur as partly mixture of soil and water(except seive no. 40). Sample is dried from the near liquid limit to constant weight of 110°C.

Back 7

The shrinkage test

Front 8

A. Thread toughness at moisture content approximating.

B. The air dried strength.

C. Dilantancy

Soil mortar possessing high plastic index will produce tough threads and high strength without dilantancy.

Back 8

Hand feel test

Front 9

Is for field determination of the presence of undesirable quantities of clay like materials in soil. Aggregates mixture is based on the volume, rather than on weight.

Back 9

Sand equivalent test

Front 10

California specification

*Sub based

*Aggregates based

*Aggregates of various types of asphalt concrete

*concrete sand

Back 10

*21

*31

*45-50

*76

Front 11

The density of soil or weight in cubic per foot varies with the peculiarities of the soil itself, the moisture content, and the compacted device plus the method of their use. The standard weight of soil per cubic foot cannot be fixed, but should be determined in particular instance.

Back 11

Density test of soil

Front 12

Specific gravity of soil

Back 12

2.0-3.3 between 2.5 and 2.8

75% solid and 25% void.

Front 13

Laboratory test may be subdivided into 3:

Back 13

1.static test

2.dynamic or impact test

3.tamping foot or kneading compaction test

Front 14

Is determining the maximum density of soil sample in the laboratory. A sample of about 5000grams of soil containing a specified percentage of water is placed in cylinder mold 6 inches and 8 inches high.

Back 14

Static test

Front 15

Samples of soils containing a designated percentage of water are compacted in layers into molds of specific sizes.

Back 15

Dynamic or impact test

Front 16

The material is fed into a rotating mold and compacted by several repetitive loads applied through

Tamping shoe shape like a sectpr of the circle about 25% specimen is covered.

Back 16

Tamping foot or kneading compact test

Front 17

Is the means of comparing density with the laboratory results.

Back 17

Field density test

Front 18

Test for load carrying capacity, rate and amount of consolidation in soil thats support foundation.

Back 18

Strength test

Front 19

Combines a load deformation test performed in laboratory with an empirical design chart to determine the thickness of pavement base and other layers.

Back 19

California Bearing Ratio method (CBR)

Front 20

The method measures the horizontal pressure developed in a short cylinder sample loaded vertically on its end.

Back 20

The HVEEM Stabilometer Method

Front 21

After exudation test while sample is still in the mold, it is tested for Expansion Pressure. A perforated brass plate is placed on the sample and covered with water for 16-20 hours.

Back 21

Test for Expansion Pressure

Front 22

After the expansion test, the specimen is enclosed in a flexible sleeve and placed inside the Stabilometer. Vertical pressure is applied slowly at speed of 0.05 inch per minute until it reaches 160 psi.

Back 22

Stabilometer test

Front 23

The method is used by some agencies for compression test (see AASHTO T-234). In open system Tri-Axial test, lateral pressure is held constant relating from the container as increased load causes the expand laterally.

Back 23

Tri-Axial Design Method

Front 24

Re-compacted or undisturbed sample are tested to determine the influence of temperature, degree of saturation, density, and age of the dynamic response of pavement material.

Back 24

Dynamic Modulus

Front 25

determining in place densities and moisture contents are used. • The gauge readings are easily converted to density and prevent moisture using calibration curves or microprocessor. The portable devices in either the transmission, or back scatter type.

Back 25

Nuclear Devices test

Front 26

Soil survey

Back 26

1.soil condition

2.directness of the route

3.topography

4. Right of way

5.neighborhood disruption

6. environmental consideration

Front 27

A geophysical method used for sub surface exploration called refraction seismic method relies on the principle that, the speed shock travelling through earth surface varies, depending upon the kind of materials. Shock waves travels through light lose soil 180 m/s and 6000m/s on dense solid rock.

Back 27

Refraction seismic method