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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 skin appendages |
cutaneous glands hair and hair follicles nails |
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exocrine glands |
glands that release their secretions through ducts |
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2 types of cutaneous exocrine glands |
sebaceous glands sweat glands |
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sebaceous glands (what are they, where do they empty into, and where are they found) |
oil glands ducts empty into a hair follicle found everywhere except palm of hands and soles of feet |
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sebum |
mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells |
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3 functions of sebum |
keeps skin soft prevents hair from becoming brittle contains chemicals to kill bacteria |
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whitehead |
when a sebaceous gland's duct is blocked by sebum |
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blackhead |
when the sebum blocking a sebaceous gland's duct accumulates, oxidizes, and dries, it darkens to form this
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acne |
active infection of sebaceous glands accompanied by pimples on the skin |
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seborrhea (cause, what it is, and how it can be treated) |
overactivity of the sebaceous glands begins as pink, raised lesions that gradually form a yellow to brown crust can be treated with washing to remove excessive oil |
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sweat glands/sudoriferous glands |
2.5 million per person produce sweat |
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2 types of sweat glands |
eccrine apocrine |
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eccrine glands |
produce sweat and are found all over the body |
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5 things in sweat |
water salts vitamin C metabolic wastes lactic acid |
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pH of sweat and function |
acidic (around 4 to 6 on pH scale) prevents growth of bacteria |
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main function of eccrine sweat glands |
heat regulation |
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apocrine glands (where are they found and where do they empty into) |
sweat glands found in the axillary (armpit) and genital areas of the body larger than eccrine glands ducts empty into hair follicles |
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3 things apocrine glands secrete |
fatty acids proteins sweat |
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3 characteristics of secretions of apocrine glands |
odorless milky or yellowish bacteria use proteins and fats form secretions as nutrients for growth |
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3 functions of hair |
guarding head against bumps keep foreign particles out of the respiratory tract shielding the eyes |
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root |
the part of the hair enclosed in the follicle |
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shaft |
the part of the hair projecting from the surface of the skin |
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matrix |
produces the hair by division of its stratum basale epithelial cells |
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structure of a hair (3 parts) |
central core called the medulla medulla surrounded by a bulky cortex layer cortex enclosed by a single layer of cells called the cuticle |
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split ends (how are they caused) |
end of the cuticle tends to wear away, causing keratin fibrils in the inner hair regions to frizz out |
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hair shaft is oval |
hair is smooth and silky and the person has wavy hair |
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hair shaft is flat and ribbonlike |
hair is curly or kinky |
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hair shaft is perfectly round |
hair is straight and tends to be coarse |
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hair follicles |
compound structures that form hair
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epidermal sheath |
part of hair follicles that is made of epithelial tissue and forms the hair |
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dermal sheath |
supplies blood vessels to the epidermal sheath of the hair follicle and reinforces it |
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papilla |
provides the blood supply to the matrix of the hair bulb |
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arrector pili |
small bands of smooth muscle cells that connect each side of the hair follicle to the dermal tissue |
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goose bumps |
when arrector pili muscles contract and erect the hair |
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nail |
scalelike modification of the epidermis |
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3 parts of nail |
free edge, body (visible attached portion) root (embedded in the skin) |
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nail folds |
skin folds that overlap the borders of the nail
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cuticle |
edge of the thick proximal nail fold |
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nail bed |
stratum basale of the epidermis under the nail |
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nail matrix |
responsible for nail growth |
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lunule |
region over the thickened nail matrix that appears as a white crescent |
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burn |
tissue damage and cell death caused by stimuli that denature proteins and cause cell death |
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4 causes of burns |
intense heat electricity UV radiation contact with certain chemicals |
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2 problems caused by burns |
fluids containing proteins and electrolytes are lost dehydration and electrolyte balance leads to circulatory shock |
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rule of nines |
body divided into 11 areas, each accounting for 9 percent of total body surface area, with an area surrounding the genitals representing 1 percent |
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first degree burns |
only epidermis is damaged |
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2 symptoms of first degree burns and healing time |
area becomes red and swollen temporary discomfort heals in two to three days |
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second degree burns |
injury to epidermis and upper region of dermis |
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2 symptoms of second degree burns |
skin is red and painful blisters appear no permanent scars result if not infected |
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partial-thickness burns |
term for first and second degree burns |
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third degree burns/full thickness burns |
entire thickness of skin destroyed |
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3 symptoms of third degree burns and treatment |
area is blanched (grey-white) or blackened nerve endings are destroyed not painful skin grafting must be done to treat it |
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3 reasons burns are considered critical |
25% of body has second degree burns 10 percent of body has third degree burns third degree burns on face, hands, or feet |
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Athlete's foot |
tinea pedis itchy, red, peeling condition of skin between toes caused by fungus infection |
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Boils |
inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands common on dorsal neck |
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Carbuncles |
composite boils caused by bacterial infection |
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cold sores (what are they, what are they caused by, how are they caused, where are they) |
small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by herpes simplex virus localizes in a cutaneous nerve where it is dormant until activated by emotional upset, fever, or UV radiation usually occur around lips or oral mucosa of mouth |
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contact dermatitis (what is it and what causes it) |
itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering exposure of skin to chemicals causing an allergic reaction |
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impetigo (what is it, how does it look, caused) |
pink, water-filled, raised lesions develop a yellow crust and rupture caused by contagious stapylococcus infection |
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psoriasis (what is it, what does it look like, causes) |
chronic condition caused by overproduction of skin cells results in reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales scales itch, burn, crack and bleed caused by trauma, infection, hormonal changes, or stress |
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skin cancer |
most common cancer caused by overexposure to UV radiation |
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Basal cell carcinoma (what is it, how dangerous, what does it look like) |
least malignant and most common skin cancer cells can't form keratin and don't know boundary between epidermis and dermis appear on face as shiny, dome-shaped nodules |
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squamous cell carcinoma (where, how does it look, how dangerous, causes) |
arises from cells of stratum spinosum lesion appears as a scaly, reddened papule forming a shallow ulcer with a firm, raised border can grow rapidly = moderately malignant caused by sun |
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malignant melanoma (what is it, how it begins, what does it look like) |
cancer of melanocytes can begin wherever there is pigment accumulated DNA damage in a skin cell appears as a spreading brown to black patch |
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ABCD(E) rule |
A = asymmetry B = border irregularity C = color D = diameter E = elevation/evolution |
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A in ABCD(E) rule |
asymmetry two sides of pigmented spot or mole don't match |
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B in ABCD(E) rule |
border irregularity borders of lesion are not smooth but exhibit indentations |
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C in ABCD(E) rule |
color pigmented spot contains areas of different colors (blacks, browns, tans, and blues/reds) |
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D in ABCD(E) rule |
diameter spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter |
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E in ABCD(E) rule |
elevation or evolution elevation = above skin surface evolution = rapidly growing bigger |
