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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Habeas Corpus |
Prohibits the government from depriving a person of liberty without an open trial before a judge |
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Bill of Attainder |
A law that declares a person guilty of a crime without a trial |
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Ex Post Facto Laws |
Laws that declare an action to be illegal after it has been committed |
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Bill of Rights |
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution; 1791 They ensure certain rights and liberties to the people |
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Civil Liberties |
Ares of personal freedom constitutionally protected from government interference |
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Selective Incorpation |
Different protections in the Bill of Rights were incorporated into the 14th Amendment, guaranteeing citizens protection from state as well as national governments |
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Establishment Clause |
"congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion; this law means that a 'wall of seperation' exists between church and state |
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Lemon Test |
Government action toward religion is permissible if it is secular in purpose, neither promotes nor inhibits the practice of religion, and does not lead to excessive entaglemnt with religion |
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Free Exercise Clause |
Protects a citizen's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses |
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"Clear and Present Danger" test |
Determines whether speech is protected or unprotected |
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Fighting words |
Speech that directly incites damaging conduct |
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Speech Plus |
Speech accompanied by conduct 'sit-ins, picketing, and demonstrations' |
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Prior Restraint |
When the government attempts to censor your material. Courts forbid this except for extraordinary cases |
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Libel |
A written statement made in recklass disregard of the truth that is considered damaging to a victim BC it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory |
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Slander |
Same as libel but an oral statement |
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Due process of law |
The right of every individual against arbitrary action by national or state governments |
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Exclusionary Rule |
The ability of courts to exclude evidence in violation of the fourth amendment |
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Grand jury |
Determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial |
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Double Jeopardy |
A person cannot be tried twice for the same crime (5th Amendment) |
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Miranda Rule |
Persons under arrest must be informed prior to police interrogation |
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Eminent Domain |
Right of government to take private property for public use |
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Right to privacy |
Individual access to birth control and abortions |
