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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What can analytical methods be grouped according to their use in? |
*compositional analysis and formula determination * investingating bonding, connectivity of atoms and oxidation states of elements in a compound * determining molecular structure |
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Gas chromatography? |
separation technique in which the mobile phase is a gas; the stationary phase is packed inside a capillary or microbore column.
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Liquid chromatography? |
separation technique in which the mobile phase is a liquid; the stationary phase is either packed inside a column or adhered to a glass plate.
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High-performance liquid chromatography? |
a form of LC in which the mobile phase is introduced under pressure and the stationary phase consists of very small particles.
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Recrystallization? |
a purification step involving the dissolution and crystallization of a solid from a solvent or solvent mixture |
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Atomic absorption spectroscopy |
Quantitative determination of a metal by observing the diagnostic absorption spectrum of gaseous atoms of the metal. |
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Thermogravimetric analysis? |
the change in mass of a sample is monitored as the sample is heated.
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Mass spectrometry? |
the separation of ions (atomic or molecular) according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio |
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Electron ionization mass spectrometry?
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Ions are produced by bombarding gaseous molecules with high-energy electrons. It is a hard technique and causes fragmentation of the parent molecule. |
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Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry? |
Ions are produced by bombarding the sample (neutral molecules or ionic salts) with high energy xenon or argon atoms. It is a "soft" technique and usually causes little fragmentation. |
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Infrared and Raman spectroscopies? |
concerned with transitions between vibrational energy levels. For a vibrational mode to be IR active, it must give rise to a change in dipole moment. For a vibrational mode to be Raman active, it must give rise to a change in polarizability. |
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Electronic spectroscopy? |
concerned with transitions of electrons between energy levels and covers both absorption and emission spectroscopies. |
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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy? |
a resonance technique involving absorption of radiofrequency energy. The magnetic environment of a nucleus affects its resonance frequency and allows structural information to be deduced. |
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Electron paramagnetic (or spin) resonance spectroscopy? |
a resonance technique involving microwave-induced transitions between magnetic energy levels of electrons which posses a net spin and orbital angular momentum. An EPR spectrum provides information about paramagnetic species.
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X-ray diffraction? |
X-rays are diffracted by electrons surrounding the nuclei in atoms in a crystalline or polycrystalline solid. |
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Single crystal X-ray diffraction? |
leads to the full determination of the structure of a compound |
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Unit cell? |
The smallest repeating unit in a solid state lattice |
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Polymorphs? |
different phases of the same chemical compound with different crystal structures |
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Powder X-ray diffraction? |
Powder = polycrystalline sample diffraction data are routinely used for identifying a bulk sample of a material, and for screening different phases of a compound |
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Neutron diffraction? |
In ND, Bragg scattering of neutrons occurs when neutrons interact with the nuclei of the atoms in a single crystal; both light and heavy atoms can be directly detected. |
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Gas phase electron diffraction? |
electrons are scattered by the electric fields of atomic nuclei in gas phase molecules; intramolecular bond parameters are determined |
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Photoelectron spectroscopy? |
a technique used to study the energies of occupied atomic or molecular orbitals |
