Chapter 4

Front 1

What are the two basic nervous systems?

Back 1

Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Front 2

What are the two parts of the central nervous system?

Back 2

Brain and spine

Front 3

What does the central nervous system do?

Back 3

receives messages and interpretations from muscles, glands, and internal parts then stores them

Front 4

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Back 4

All portions of the nervous system OUTSIDE the brain and spinal cord, includes sensory and motor nerves. Handles the CNS system's input and output.

Front 5

What are the sensory neurons?

Back 5

They carry MESSAGES from special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other organs; which sends them along to the brain (helps w/ reflexes)

Front 6

What are the motor neurons?

Back 6

They carry ORDERS from the CNS to muscles, glands, and internal organs (motor skills: writing, running, playing, etc). Enables us to move.

Front 7

What two nerves is the PNS made up of?

Back 7

Motor neurons and sensory neurons

Front 8

What is the somatic nervous system?

Back 8

Also referred to as the skeletal nervous system The subdivision of the PNS that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles.

Front 9

What is the automatic nervous system?

Back 9

Apart of the PNS. Regulates the functioning of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs (EX: when you have a crush on someone and your heart pounds).

Front 10

What are the two subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Back 10

Somatic nervous system and automatic nervous system

Front 11

What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Back 11

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Front 12

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

Back 12

Subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stress (FIGHT OR FLIGHT).

Front 13

What part of a car does the sympathetic nervous system represent?

Back 13

Accelerator

Front 14

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Back 14

Operates during relaxed states and conserves energy. Nerves slow it down again and keep rhythm regular

Front 15

What does the glia cells do?

Back 15

Hold the neurons in place (GLUE); supports, nurture, and insulate neurons.

Front 16

What is a synapse?

Back 16

The site where transmission of a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to another occurs

Front 17

What does the synapse include?

Back 17

the axon terminal, the synaptic gap, and receptor sites in the membrane of the receiving cell.

Front 18

What can occur in the synapse gap?

Back 18

Action potential

Front 19

What is action potential?

Back 19

when two neurons communicate inside of the synapse

Front 20

What does an axon do?

Back 20

carries signals AWAY from the cell

Front 21

What does a dendrite do?

Back 21

detects and carries signals TO the cell body

Front 22

What are the two types of neurons?

Back 22

Positive ion and negative ion

Front 23

What is the mylon sheath?

Back 23

a fatty insulation that may surround the axon of a neuron

Front 24

What occurs when the mylon sheath is diseased?

Back 24

The axons collapse, causing multiple scolorosis

Front 25

What is at the end of a dendrite?

Back 25

The synpatic sac or vessel

Front 26

What does the synaptic sac do?

Back 26

produces chemicals that exchange the positive and negative ions between the neurons

Front 27

What chemical is produce from the synaptic sac?

Back 27

a neurotransmitter

Front 28

What is a receptor site?

Back 28

special molecules in the membrane of the receiving neurons dendrites

Front 29

What are the names of the different neurotransmitters?

Back 29

Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylecholine, Norepinephrine, and Endorphins

Front 30

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for Acetylcholine

Back 30

Memory, movement - Alzheimer's disease

Front 31

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for Norepinephrine

Back 31

Mood, sleep, learning - Depression

Front 32

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for Serotonin

Back 32

Mood, appetite, impulsivity - Depression

Front 33

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for Dopamine

Back 33

Movement - Parkinson's disease

Front 34

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for GAMA

Back 34

Sleep, movement - Anxiety, Epilepsy, Huntington's disease

Front 35

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for Glutamate

Back 35

Memory - Damage after stroke

Front 36

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for Endorphins/Peptides

Back 36

Pain control - N/A

Front 37

Name the normal function and disorder associated with malfunction for Gases/Nitric oxide

Back 37

Memory - N/A

Front 38

What is the receptor's function?

Back 38

proteins on the cell membrane that receive chemical signals

Front 39

What are the three hormones?

Back 39

Melatonin, Adrenal Hormones, and Sex Hormones.

Front 40

What is melatonin?

Back 40

promotes sleep

Front 41

What are adrenal hormones and its function?

Back 41

Involved in emotions/stress, respond to heat/cold/pain, produces CORTISOL

Front 42

What does cortisol do?

Back 42

Boost energy and blood sugary; activates sympathetic nervous system

Front 43

What are the three different types of sex hormones?

Back 43

Androgen, estrogen, and progesterone

Front 44

What is androgen?

Back 44

Testosterone, the masculine hormone

Front 45

What is estrogen?

Back 45

feminizing hormone

Front 46

What is progesterone?

Back 46

contributes to the growth and maintenance of the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized egg (menstruation)

Front 47

What are the two parts of the limbic system?

Back 47

Amygdala and Hippocampus

Front 48

What is the function of the Amygdala?

Back 48

It evaluates sensory information and mediates anxiety and depression and in forming and retrieving emotional memories.

Front 49

What is the function of the Hippocampus?

Back 49

It compares sensory information with what the brain has learned about the world. "Gateway to memories."

Front 50

What are the 4 different types of methods?

Back 50

Lesion method, electrodes, PET scan, and MRI

Front 51

What is the lesion method?

Back 51

removes or disables a brain structure then observes the effects on behavior; cannot be used on humans

Front 52

What are electrodes?

Back 52

devices pasted onto scalp to detect the simultaneous electrical activity

Front 53

What are the two types of electrodes?

Back 53

EEG and Needle electrodes

Front 54

What is the function of an EEG?

Back 54

records the electrical activity in the brain (not precise)

Front 55

What is the function of a needle electrode?

Back 55

needles put into the brain that stimulates parts of it

Front 56

What is the function of a PET scan?

Back 56

records biochemical changes in the brain as they occur; utilizes a harmless radioactive glucose substance that accumulates in active parts of the brain to get a computer processed picture of biochemical activity

Front 57

What is the function of a MRI?

Back 57

uses powerful magnetic fields and radio frequencies to take highly detailed pictures of brain