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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cartilage |
Compared to other connective tissue :
Similarities - s , fibers , maxtrix. Differences - no blood vessels , nerves , or lymphatics.
Strong , flexible , supportive . Withstands compression .
Firms a temporary embryonic skeleton
- provides for rapid initial growth as well as continues growth of long bones . Persists in articulated joints, Wallis of airways .
Cartilage is a matrix with Lucunae occupied by chondrocytes. - the matrix is made of collagen fibrils
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Cartilage types |
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastocartilage |
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Where to find cartilage |
Ear ( elastin ) Nose Respiratory( hyaline cartilage )
Intervertebral disc ( finrocartilage ) |
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Hyaline cartilage |
Big white spaces are chondrocytes lined in lucunae .
In most places there will be two layers outer fibrous layer ( fibroblasts) cellular layer has cells , precursor to the chondrocytes ;of connective tissue which are called the perichondrium |
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Hyaline cartilage ( smooth in appearance) |
Matrix : territorial is close to chondrocytes dark pink spots Sulfated proteoglycans interritorial matrix : the rest of the pink
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Hyaline cartilage ( smooth in appearance) |
Matrix : territorial is close to chondrocytes dark pink spots Sulfated proteoglycans interritorial matrix : the rest of the pink
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Chondrocytes ( HYALINE CARTILAGE) |
Isogenous groups ( same genetic material ) Lacunae |
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Hyaline cartilage ( smooth in appearance) |
Matrix : territorial is close to chondrocytes dark pink spots Sulfated proteoglycans interritorial matrix : the rest of the pink
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Chondrocytes ( HYALINE CARTILAGE) |
Isogenous groups ( same genetic material ) Lacunae |
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Growth |
Interstitial growth From within . Addition of cells and matrix
Appositional growth Addition in to the surface Cells come from the lerichondrium |
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Hyaline cartilage matrix |
Calcified with age |
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Embryonic hyaline cartilage |
More small round cells per area Less matrix |
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Embryonic hyaline cartilage |
More small round cells per area Less matrix |
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Elastic cartilage |
Contains ( branched) Elastic fibers and lamellae
Resilient and pliable Withstand repetitive bending
Exterm ear , Eustachian tube , epiglottis
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Elastic cartilage |
Cells are closer together . Less matrix |
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Fibrocartilage |
Combination of hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue
Less matrix around chondrocytes no perichondrium.
Fibroblast present
Intervertebral disc , certain joints , sites of tendon to bone attachment |
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Fibrocartilage |
Combination of hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue
Less matrix around chondrocytes no perichondrium.
Fibroblast present
Intervertebral disc , certain joints , sites of tendon to bone attachment |
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Visual characterization of fibrocartilage |
Rows of cells Matrix similar to hyaline but more fibers
Looks nothing like elastic |
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Fibrocartilage |
Combination of hyaline cartilage and dense regular connective tissue
Less matrix around chondrocytes no perichondrium.
Fibroblast present
Intervertebral disc , certain joints , sites of tendon to bone attachment |
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Visual characterization of fibrocartilage |
Rows of cells Matrix similar to hyaline but more fibers
Looks nothing like elastic |
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Cartilage repaid and calcification |
Cartilage repair
Regeneration is very limited - cartilage injuries repaid by growth of scar tissue from perichondrium
Calcification of cartilage Cartilage that is due to be replaced by bone becomes calcified . This leads to chondrocytes death and resorption of matrix
Cartilage in contact with bone also becomes calcified
Chondrocytes lack oxygen Osteocytes with oxygen |
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Bone |
Bone = bone tissue , connective tissue , nerve
Bone is compact ( dense , lamellar ) or spongy ( cancellous , with trabeculae )
Classification of bone - long Short flat Irregular |
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Long bone |
Will have compact bone of the outside
Dense or lamellar bone on the inside
And then the cancellous
Perforating fibers hold periosteum to lamellar
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Long bone |
Will have compact bone of the outside
Dense or lamellar bone on the inside
And then the cancellous
Perforating fibers hold periosteum to lamellar
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Osteocytes |
Lacuna and canaliculi processes that connect with one another through gap junctions which enables communication between osteocytes |
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Long bone |
Will have compact bone of the outside
Dense or lamellar bone on the inside
And then the cancellous
Perforating fibers hold periosteum to lamellar
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Osteocytes |
Lacuna and canaliculi processes that connect with one another through gap junctions which enables communication between osteocytes |
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Trabeculae |
You will find osteocytes and osteoplast
Lined with endosteum |
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General structure of long bone |
Spongy bone located in articular ends
Compact bone through middle
Hyaline cartilage covers articular surface |
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General structure of long bone |
Spongy bone located in articular ends
Compact bone through middle
Hyaline cartilage covers articular surface |
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Types of bone preparation |
Decalcified bone : makes bone more softer like tissue
Undecalcified ground bone : sawed through the bone and has India ink . |
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Hacaersian systems ( Osteons) |
Lacuna Osteocyte canals |
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haversian canal |
hole in the lamellae. At the center of the osteon. |
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Volkmanns canal |
perforating canal |
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Inter circumferential lamellae |
around the inner lamellae |
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Periosteum |
outter membrane |
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Endosteum |
inner membrane |
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Interstitial lamellae |
between lamellae of complete osteons |
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Osteocytes |
lay in the lacuna |
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Mature vs. Immature Bone |
Compared to mature , immature bone has: 1. No organized lamellar system More cells per unit area Randomly arranged cells and collagen fibrils More ground substance in its matrix |
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Cell of Bone Tissue |
1. Osteoprogenitors cells 2. Osteoblasts 3. Osteoces 4. Osteoclast |
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Osteoid |
the matrix before it has been calcified |
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Bone matrix |
Type I collagen , proteoglycans, glycoprotein. Initially secured as " osteoid " final mineral product is hydroxyapatite Some ions: citrate , bicarbonate fluoride, magnesium, potassium, sodium Calcification: |
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Osteoclast |
Characteristic of resorptive surfaces ( remodeling ) Found in Howship's lacunae Large, with multiple nuclei Resorption occurs at ruffled border, surrounded by clear zone. - Carbonic anhydrase ( decalcify ) - Acid hydrolyses ( digest ) |
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Bone remodeling and growth of Haversian system |
Osteoclast move through compact bone and eating it . Osteoblast migrate in and line the edge of the bone and secrete matrix (osteoid ) . More osteoblast move through and secrete more matrix . Osteocytes are made from trapping of osteoblast . More osteoblast come along to make another layer. Lamellae are evidence that the osteoblast made osteocytes. Until the hole gets smaller and it won't close completely. It will create the Haversian canal. |
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Two Types of bone formation |
Intramembraneous Ossification - Most flat bones Endochodral Ossification - within cartilage |
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Intramembraneous Ossification |
mesenchymal membrane. osteoblast are in a particular region and will start making bone by laying down osteoid and it will become calcified. - when bone and surrounding periosteum form. Mesenchyme condenses to form the periosteum. Blood vessels come in to supply blood through the trabecular of the woven bone. Lamellar bone replaces woven bone, as compact and spongey bone form. |
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Endochondral Ossification |
fetal hyaline cartilage model develops Perichondrium lines the cartilage. |
