Chapter 4

Front 1

abdomin/o

Back 1

Abdomen

Front 2

anter/o

Back 2

Front

Front 3

brachi/o

Back 3

Arm

Front 4

cardi/o

Back 4

Heart

Front 5

caud/o

Back 5

Tail

Front 6

cephal/o

Back 6

Head

Front 7

cervic/o

Back 7

Neck

Front 8

chondr/i

Back 8

gristle, cartilage

Front 9

cran/o, crani/o

Back 9

Skull

Front 10

cyt/o

Back 10

Cell

Front 11

dist/o

Back 11

Distant

Front 12

dors/o

Back 12

Back

Front 13

femor/o

Back 13

Thigh, femur

Front 14

gastr/o

Back 14

Stomach

Front 15

glute/o

Back 15

Buttock

Front 16

hom/o, home/o

Back 16

Same

Front 17

ili/o

Back 17

Flank, hip, groin

Front 18

infer/o

Back 18

below

Front 19

inguin/o

Back 19

Groin

Front 20

later/o

Back 20

Side

Front 21

lumb/o

Back 21

Loin, lower back

Front 22

medi/o

Back 22

Middle

Front 23

organ/o

Back 23

Tool

Front 24

pelv/o

Back 24

Bowl, basin

Front 25

physi/o

Back 25

nature

Front 26

pleur/o

Back 26

Pleura, rib

Front 27

poster/o

Back 27

back

Front 28

proxim/o

Back 28

Near

Front 29

super/o

Back 29

Above

Front 30

thorac/o

Back 30

Chest, thorax

Front 31

tom/o

Back 31

To cut

Front 32

umbilic/o

Back 32

Navel, umbilicus

Front 33

ventr/o

Back 33

Belly

Front 34

anatomy

Back 34

The study of body structure

Front 35

physiology

Back 35

The study of the nature of living things

Front 36

homeostasis

Back 36

Maintaining internal stability

Front 37

atom

Back 37

The simplest building block of the body

Front 38

molecules

Back 38

Atoms bind together to form

Front 39

organelles

Back 39

Molecules combine to form large, nonliving structures such as part of cells

Front 40

cell

Back 40

Organelles are assembled to form

Front 41

cell

Back 41

The most basic form of life in the body

Front 42

tissues

Back 42

cells may be arranged into similar groups to fork the next level

Front 43

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Back 43

Four main categories of tissues

Front 44

organ

Back 44

Two or more different tissue combine to form

Front 45

system

Back 45

A group of organs sharing a general function

Front 46

The 11 major Systems

Back 46

Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Female Reproductive, Male Reproductive, Nervous, Endocrine, Musculoskeletal, and Integumentary

Front 47

cardiovascular

Back 47

Transport substances to and from the body cells

Front 48

Lymphatic

Back 48

Remove unwanted substances and recycle fluid to the blood

Front 49

Respiratory

Back 49

Exchange gases between the external environment and blod

Front 50

Digestive

Back 50

Prepare foods for absorption into the bloodstream, and eliminate solid wastes from the body

Front 51

Urinary

Back 51

Removes nitrogenous wastes and excess water and salts from the bloodstream

Front 52

Female Reproductive

Back 52

Provide for creation of new individuals

Front 53

Male Reproductive

Back 53

Provide for creation of new individuals

Front 54

Nervous

Back 54

Control homeostasis by sensing changes in the environment, processing information, and initiating body responses

Front 55

Endocrine

Back 55

Control homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which alter body functions

Front 56

Musculoskeletal

Back 56

Muscles produce movement of body parts; bones and joints support and protect soft body parts, allow movement by forming attachments to muscles, store minerals, and form blood cells

Front 57

Integumentary

Back 57

Protect body from fluid loss, injury, and infection

Front 58

Directional terms

Back 58

Word used to describe the relative location of the body or its parts

Front 59

anatomical position

Back 59

The body position that is commonly used as a reference:

-erect posture

-face forward

-arms at the sides

-palms of the hands facing forward

-legs together with feet pointing forward

Front 60

-ior or -al

Back 60

Pertaining to

Front 61

Superior

super/ior

Back 61

Toward the head end or upper part of the body

Front 62

Inferior

infer/ior

Back 62

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body

Front 63

Aneterior (ventral)

anter/ior

Back 63

Toward the front or belly side

Front 64

Posterior (dorsal)

poster/ior

Back 64

Toward the back

Front 65

Medial

medi/al

Back 65

Toward the midline, which is an imaginary vertical line down the middle of the body

Front 66

Lateral

later/al

Back 66

Toward the side

Front 67

Superficial

super/ficial

Back 67

External, toward the body surface

Front 68

Deep

Back 68

Internal, inward from the surface of the body

Front 69

Proximal

proxim/al

Back 69

Toward the origin of attachment to the trunk

Front 70

Distal

dist/al

Back 70

Away from the origin of attachment to the trunk

Front 71

plane

Back 71

An imaginary flat field that is used as a point of reference for viewing three dimensional objects

Front 72

Three major anatomical planes

Back 72

Front (coronal), Sagittal, and Trasverse

Front 73

chron/o

Back 73

Time

Front 74

frontal or coronal plane

Back 74

A vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Front 75

Sagittal plane

Back 75

A vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions

Front 76

transverse plane

Back 76

A horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

Front 77

cavities

Back 77

Spaces partially filled with organs or membrane-lined spaces filled with viscera

Front 78

viscera

Back 78

Internal contents of cavities

Front 79

dorsal cavity

Back 79

Includes the cranial cavity and the spinal (vertebral) cavity

Front 80

ventral cavity

Back 80

Includes the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Front 81

thoracic cavity

Back 81

Included the pericardial cavity, two pleural cavities, and mediastinum

Front 82

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 82

Includes the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

Front 83

diaphragm

Back 83

muscular partition that divided the ventral cavity into an upper and lower cavity

Front 84

pericardial cavity

Back 84

contains the heart

Front 85

mediastinum

Back 85

The area between the two lungs and is deep to the breastbone or sternum. Contains the heart, large blood vessels located above the heart, and a gland called the thymus gland.

Front 86

abdominal cavity

Back 86

contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and most of the small and large intestines

Front 87

pelvic cavity

Back 87

Contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and parts of small and large intestines

Front 88

disease

Back 88

When the body functions fail to maintain homeostasis

Front 89

diagnosis

Back 89

Identification of a illness

Front 90

symptoms

Back 90

Experiences of the patient resulting from a disease

Front 91

acute

Back 91

disease of short duration

Front 92

chronic

Back 92

diseases of long duration

Front 93

infection

Back 93

A disease caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungal parasites, or protozoans

Front 94

etiology

Back 94

The study or science of cause; the cause of a disease

Front 95

prognosis

Back 95

Prediction of the probable course of the disease and its probable outcome

Front 96

Diagnostic imaging

Back 96

Endoscopy, CT scan, PET scan, MRI, and ultrasound

Front 97

endoscopy

Back 97

The use of a long, flexible tube inserted into a patient

Front 98

CT (CAT) scan

Back 98

A diagnostic procedure that combines multiple x-rays and computer enhancement to produce three-dimensional images of internal body structures

Front 99

PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography)

Back 99

A procedure that detects the journey of a radioactive labeled substance through the body

Front 100

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Back 100

Responds to hydrogen atoms in the body by sending signals to a computer, which analyzes the information to produce three dimensional images

Front 101

ultrasound

Back 101

Involves the pulsation of harmless sound waves through a body region

Front 102

Torso

Back 102

Another name for the central trunk of the body