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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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economic context |
social policy that focuses on the production, distribution, and use of income, wealth, and resources |
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political context |
focuses on the pursuit and exercise of power in government or public affairs |
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marketplace economy |
citizens exchange goods and services typically by working for a salary -citizens may also possess assets such as stocks, property, and other investments that are sources of income |
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2 requirements that need to be met before social programs can be established |
1. there must be a clear indication of a social problem or a "market failure" (curcumstance in which the pursuit of private interests does not lead to an efficient use of society resources or fair distribution of society goods p123 |
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Old Age survivors and disability insurance program |
part of SS act an example of government creating a way for workers and employers to pay into an insurance program to provide income after retirement |
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transaction costs |
all costs incurred during government interventions including financial, economic, personal, and environmental costs ex: when a city develops publicly funded low income housing, there may be a financial impact on people who own low cost rental because they may no longer be able to rent their properties as quickly |
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economic efficiency |
the probable effect of the intervention on the overall economy, including the impact of increasing federal debt the relative merits of spending on one social program rather than another the ways in which the incentives and or disincentives created by the program will likely influence individual behavior |
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principle of equity |
will the policy treat all people with a particular need equally, a concept referred to a horizontal equity or will it redistribute resources to people in need who possess fewer resource and or greater need and thus exhibit vertical equity |
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institutional approach |
asserts that government should ensure that the basic needs of all citizens particularly for food housing health and income employment and education are adequately met |
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universal programs |
provide services and benefits to all citizens in a broad category ex our public school system is universal program because it makes education broadly available to all countrys children |
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residual approach |
posits that the government should intervene only when the family, religious institutions, the marketplace, and other private entities are unable adequately to meet the needs of certain populations - public assistance should only be offered in cases of dire need when all support systems have failed |
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selective programs |
programs that provide benefits and services only to those segments of a population that meet specific eligibility requirements |
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industrialization-welfare hypothesis |
emphasizes industrialization a a significant factors in the development of the welfare state proposes that traditional welfare functions performed by the family, church, and community in a pre industrial society are assumed by the government in industrialization undermines these institutions |
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maintenance of capitalism hypothesis |
emphasizes the role of capitalist industrialization in the creation of the welfare state a power elite made up of people from the government and the private sector exerts great control made up of people from the government and the private sector exerts great control on all policy making decisions |
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social conscience hypothesis |
human beings have innate, altruistic concerns for s led to the creation of the modern welfare state |
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Marshall and titmuss hypothesis |
developed arguments focused on legitimizing the social welfare function and argued that ensuring rights to an adequate education, housing, and income was part of the evolution of citizenship rights |
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Richard Titmuss |
profound influence on the development of social policy - particularly the institutional approach - argued that governmental actions to provide for the social welfare of its citizens have desirable moral consequences such as institutionalizing altruism, increasing solidarity, and promoting reciprocity and social responsibility p.129 critique |
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deindustrialization |
manufacturing jobs requiring fewer skills move to countries where wages are lower |
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capacity building state |
focuses on strengthening the skills, competencies and abilities of people and communities on and helping them secure the resources needed for full economic and social inclusion |
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pluralistic process |
no one particular group holds all the power - instead many interest groups and citizens are actively involved in creating and implementing policies that they believe will benefit themselves and others |
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Keynesian economics |
demand side or consumer side economics is based on the writing of john maynard keynes - rejected traditional laissez faire philosophy that free market competition would automatically facilitate full employment making government intervention both unnecessary and undesirable |
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fiscal policy |
increasing or decreasing spending and taxes in response to economic conditions |
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human capital |
programs such as education health care and job training that make people more productive in order to increase national wealth |
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supply side economics |
guides the conservative view of social welfare, represented in our political system today by some within the republican party p. 134 |
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Federal and State Budgets |
each year the white house prepares a budget for the new federal fiscal year from october 1 through september 30 |
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Gross Domestic Product |
the total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country annually |
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mandatory spending |
government spending directed towards individuals and institutions that are legally entitled to it as well as interest payment on the national debt |
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entitlement program |
one for which all citizens who meet eligibility requirements legally qualify - SS & medicare |
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regressive taxes |
require people with lower incomes to pay higher rates or proportion s of their income |
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progressive taxes |
require people with higher incomes to pay higher rates or proportions on their income |
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general tax revenue |
not dedicated automatically for functions such as road maintenance or paying for specific services or benefits but can be used to general purposes |
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tax expenditures |
tax deductions that governments extend to particular groups in order to assist them in obtaining services such as housing, healthcare, and education |
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social welfare expenditures |
refers to all spending necessary to sustain the core federal and state social welfare programs core federal programs include TANF, SS, medicaid/care, SSI, food stamps |
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Adequacy |
the ability of social welfare programs to address and sufficiently meet the needs of the general public |
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Organization for economic cooperation and development |
an international organization devoted to promoting economic growth and world trade has collected data on spending in various countries |
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welfare pluralists |
reject the notion that the US is laggard in the social welfare arena |
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social development approach |
seeks to harmonize economic development with social welfare policy by redistributing wealth and resources in ways that also seeks new ways of removing barriers to economic participation so that resources are returned to the economy and human capital is developed to its fullest potential |
