Chapter 4

Front 1

Gender

Back 1

the roles and characteristics that a culture expects from those defined as male and female

Front 2

Aggression

Back 2

any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.

Front 3

Relational Aggression

Back 3

an act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing.

Front 4

X Chromosome

Back 4

the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.

Front 5

Y Chromosome

Back 5

the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.

Front 6

Testosterone

Back 6

the most important male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Front 7

Puberty

Back 7

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Front 8

Primary sex Characteristics

Back 8

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.

Front 9

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 9

Nonproductive sexual traits such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality and body hair

Front 10

Spermarche

Back 10

First ejaculation

Front 11

Menarche

Back 11

the first Menstrual Period

Front 12

Intersex

Back 12

possessing biologival sexual characteristics of both sexes.

Front 13

role

Back 13

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position of ought to behave

Front 14

Gender Role

Back 14

a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.

Front 15

Gender Identity

Back 15

Our sense of being male or female.

Front 16

Social Learning Theory

Back 16

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.

Front 17

Gender Typing

Back 17

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Front 18

Androgyny

Back 18

displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.

Front 19

Transgender

Back 19

an umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex

Front 20

asexual

Back 20

having no sexual attraction to others.

Front 21

estrogens

Back 21

sex hormones that contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. in nonhuman females mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Front 22

Sexual Response Cycle

Back 22

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Front 23

Refractory Period

Back 23

a resting period after organs, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.

Front 24

sexual dysfunction

Back 24

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Front 25

erectile disorder

Back 25

inability to develop or maintain an erection due to insufficient blood flow to the penis

Front 26

premature ejaculation

Back 26

sexual climax that occurs before the man or his partner wishes.

Front 27

female orgasmic disorder

Back 27

distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm.

Front 28

Paraphilias

Back 28

sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objets, the suffering of self or others, and or non consenting people.

Front 29

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Back 29

a life threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections.

Front 30

Sexual Orientation

Back 30

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation), the other sex (heterosexual orientation), or both sexes (bisexual orientation).

Front 31

Evolutionary Psychology

Back 31

the study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection.

Front 32

Natural Selection

Back 32

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.