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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the endomembrane system consist of? |
ER Golgi Apparatus Vacuoles Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton |
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Difference between Rough ER and Smooth ER |
Rough ER- has ribosomes, functions in protein synthesis, and found next to nucleus Smooth ER- functions in lipid synthesis, modification of proteins, and detoxtification |
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Function of Golgi Apparatus |
creates folds and channels for movement, the "packaging center" |
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Animal vs Plant Cell |
Animal Cells have centrosomes and lysosomes Plant Cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, and central vacuole |
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Function of vacuoles |
regulate cell's concentration of water in changing environmental conditions; take something in or push something out |
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function of Mitochondria |
used for ATP formation-"battery unit of the cell" or "powerhouse" |
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Where are mitochondria found? |
In membrane bound organelles |
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location of enzymes |
cristae |
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a endomembrane structure unique to plants |
chloroplasts |
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green pigment that captures light energy and drives reactions of photsynthesis |
chlorophyll |
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stacks of thylakoids |
granum |
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internal structure of chloroplasts |
thykaloids |
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anchoring system for external structures and allows for movement, gives cell its structure |
cytoskeleton |
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the "garbage disposal" |
lysosomes |
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3 types of fibers in lysosomes |
actin filaments - movement microtubules - cell division, hollow intermediate filaments - "twirler", strength |
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microtubule organizer |
centrosome |
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small organelles enclosed by single membranes |
perixoisomes |
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How do cells move? |
by crawling or streaming |
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slime mold pushes plasma membrane |
cytoplasmic streaming |
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What are made of microtubules> |
Flagella and cilia |
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responsible for cell communication and holds cells together |
extracellular structures |
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Extracellular structures |
collagen- flexibility fibronectin- strength cell walls matrix |
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Why do we have different cell to cell connections? |
some cells are tight, like stomach cells so gastric acid can't get out some aren't tight and can tear- muscle and skin cells |
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channels that pass between cell walls to connect cytoplasm and enable materials to be transported |
plasmodesmata |
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watertight seal between animal cells |
tight junction |
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spot welds between animal cells to maintain stretchability |
desmosomes |
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channels that allow for transport in plants |
gap junction |
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elongated donut configuration arrangement of proteins |
connexon |
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4 types of RNA |
messenger ribosomal transfer micro |
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carries message from DNA |
messenger RNA |
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ensures proper alignment of ribosomes and mRNA |
ribsomal |
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smallest type of RNA that carries amino acid to the site or protein synthesis |
transfer |
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Functions of RNA |
transcription and translation |
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DNA uses __________, while RNA uses __________ |
transcription translation |
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electron carriers used for cellular reactions |
NAD and FAD |
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how the cell makes energy when glucose is taken in |
ATP |
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Who discovered cells |
Hooke |
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proposed cell theory |
Schleiden and Schwann |
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three principles of cell theory |
all living things are composed of cells cells are the smallest unit of living things cells arise only from other cells |
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How do we view cells? |
by microscope, too small for naked eye |
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4 components of cells |
plasma membrane cytoplasm DNA ribosomes |
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moving materials across cell membrane to get materials in and out |
diffusion |
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2 types of prokaryotic cells |
bacteria and archaea |
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region of prokaryotes where genetic material is found |
nucleoid |
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protein and sugar in prokaryotes |
proteoglycan |
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where cells make proteins |
ribosomes |
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long whiplike structure to move bacteria around |
flagella |
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exchange DNA during reproduction |
pili |
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examples of eukaryotic cells |
plants, human |
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genetic material not organized into chromosomes |
chromatin |
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dark region inside nucleus that contains RNA |
nucleolus |
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a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separate internal contents from the environment |
plasma membrane |
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site of protein synthesis |
ribosomes |
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Where is RNA found in eukaryotic cells? |
outside nucleus |
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double membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of nucleus |
nuclear envelope |
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cells specializing in absorption "fingerlike" projections |
microvilli |
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gel like suspension for organelles |
cytosil |
