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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Simple carbohydrates? |
Glucose, Galactose and Fructose (monosaccharides) |
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Complex carbohydrates? |
starch, Gycogen and Fiber |
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Monosaccharides Chemical structure |
Glucose (blood sugar) Galacose ( lactose) Fructose (fruit & honey) C6 H12 O6 |
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Disaccharides |
Sucrose (glucose + frluctose) Lactose (glucose + galactose) Maltose ( glucose+ glucose) |
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Condensation Hydrolysis |
Chemical reaction: Water is released as two molecules combine to form 1 product chemical reaction, 1 molecule is split in 2 molecules, adding hydrogen (H) to one and a hydroxyl (OH) group to the other. |
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polysaccharide: Starch |
Long chains of glucose from plants storage form of energy in plants 2 Forms: amylose (straight, insoluble, not easily absorbed by humans) Amylopectin ( branched, soluble, easily digested by humans Grains, legumes, tubers, root crops |
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Polysaccharide: Glycogen |
Animal form of stores glucose stores/used for glucose energy in liver & muscles provides energy between meals |
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Polysaccharide: Fiber |
Structural part of plants forms leaves,stems, & roots in plants found in whole grains, legumes, nuts ,seeds, veg, fruits |
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Mouth: Salivary Amylase Stomach: Small intestine: Pancreatic Amylase |
breaks down starch No chemical digestion breaks down polysaccharides into shorter glucose chains and maltose |
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Carbohydrate absorption: Fructose Glucose and Galactose |
Facilitated diffusion--specific carrier needed to transport across cell membranes Active transport--Specific carrier needed to transport across cell membrane, plus the input of membrane and energy (ATP) |
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Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes |
Insulin dependent diabetes--Pancreas doesn't make insulin Non-Insulin dependent diabetes--Cells fail to respond to insulin or insufficient amounts produced. |
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Glycemic response Glycemic index |
how fast glucose is absorbed after a person eats (How high blood glucose increases & how fast levels return to normal) Classifying foods according to their potential to raise blood glucose levels |
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Hyperglycemia |
When blood glucose remains high due to insufficient or inefficient insulin. |
