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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognition |
involves a wide range of mental activities like generating ideas or solving problems |
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perception |
identifying and organizing sensory inputs |
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cerebral cortex |
most evolved part of the brain in charge of information processing
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what are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex |
frontal, parietal, occipital, temperal |
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frontal lobe |
motor control decision making long term memory storage |
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parietal lobe |
processes tactile information |
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occipital lobe |
processes visual information |
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temperal lobe |
processes olfactory and auditory information |
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what else is the temperal lobe associated with? |
emotion, language, and memory formation |
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what was Piaget's theory of cognitive development |
children develop cognitively by experimenting with their environment |
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what did Piaget consider as assimilation |
through these experiments that children perform, the results will be fitted into their preexisting mental representation of the world
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what did piaget consider accomodation by the child |
if the results of the childs experiments dont fit the preexisting schemas, schemas are changed in response to this new information |
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B F skinner's learning theory of language |
language develops through interaction with environmental reinforcements |
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Native theory of language |
language is developed due to innate biological mechanism |
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Interactionist theory |
the human brain develops so it can be receptive to new language |
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Where is the Borca's area located and what is it's function |
located in the frontal lobe and is in charge of speech production |
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what is Borca's aphasia |
Damage to the Borca's area makes patients unable to speak fluently but they can still understand everything well |
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where is the wernicke's area located and what does it do |
Wernicke's are is located in the temperal lobe and is in charge of speech recognition |
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what does a damage to wernicke's area imply for a person |
wernicke's aphasia patients can hear and repeats words but cannot understand what those words mean |
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what is the serial information processing model |
brain first receives a stimulus, then processes the stimulus and then selects an output function -output functions dont need to be processed |
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intelligence |
the ability to understand and reason with complex ideas, adapt to the environment and learn from experience |
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fluid intelligence |
ability to think logically without any previously learned knowledge |
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crystallized intelligence |
the ability to think logically using previously learned knowledge |
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Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences |
everyone has a variety of multiple intelligences that are used in combination to solve problems |
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algorithms |
step by step procedure that leads to a DEFINITE answer |
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analogies |
put a new problem in the perspective of an old problem then use knowledge to solve problem |
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heuristics |
mental shortcuts that often (but not always) leads to a solution |
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intuition |
problem solving based on personal feeling rather than logic |
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cognitive bias |
tendencies to think in a certain way that can hinder problem solving ability |
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confirmation bias |
people tend to value information that confirms a belief they already hold |
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belief perceverance |
people hold on to their original beliefs even when reasonable argument suggests they are wrong |
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causation bias |
tendency to assume cause and effect relationships |
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emotion |
multifaceted experience that is conneced to cognition, physiology and behavior |
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cognitive |
assesment of particular significance of a situation |
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physilogy |
activation of autonomic nervous system |
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behavior |
urges to act in a certain way that leads to action |
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limbic system |
connects the hypothalamus to the temperal lobe |
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amygdala emotional control |
fear and anger |
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prefrontal cortex emotional control |
conscious regulation of emotional states |
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hypothalamus |
regulates autonomic nervous system |
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james lang theory on emotion |
emotional reaction depends on how you recognize and interpret the physiological change in you body caused by that stimulus q |
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cannon bard theory of emotion |
emotional feeling and physiological reaction are experienced simultaneously -one does not cause the other |
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Schacter-singer theory of emotion |
one takes into account the physical response and situations cues to evaluate emotional response ` |
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motivation |
a psychological factor that provides reason for behavior |
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instinct |
innate biological tendency to perform certain behaviors that lead to fulfillment of need |
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arousal |
psychological or physiological tension |
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drive |
urges to perform certain behaviors to resolve arousal |
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drive reduction theory |
people are motivated to behave in a way that reduces their state of arousal caused by need |
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incentive theory |
people are motivated by external rewards |
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cognitive theory |
people behave in a way that they think will yield the most favorable outcome |
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Need based theories- Maslow |
people are motivated to fulfill unmet needs |
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attitudes |
organizations of beliefs and feelings about things and people |
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the affective component of attitude |
persons feelings or emotions about the event or person |
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the behavior component of attitude |
influence that attitudes have on behavior |
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cognitive component of attitude |
beliefs or knowledge about a specific objective or interest |
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foot-in-the-door-phenomenon |
people are more likely to agree to a larger request if they first agree to a small one |
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role |
a set of norms that dictate specific behavior in a specific situation |
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cognitive dissonance |
inconsistencies between internal attitudes and external behavior |
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elaborate likelihood model to behavior change |
change in response to specific persuation methd |
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social cognitive theory |
change behavior through social and environmental interactions |
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stress |
strain that is experienced due to an organisms equilibrium being disrupted |
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cognitive appraisals |
personal interpretations of the situation that triggered the stress |
