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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consciousness |
-William James described it as a stream of thoughts -today's view: it is a state of awareness of ourselves and of the world around us |
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3 States of Consciousness |
focused awareness drifting consciousness divided consciousness |
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Focused Awareness |
a heightened state of alert wakefulness |
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Drifting Consciousness |
characterized by drifting thoughts of mental imagery |
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Divided Consciousness |
characterized by dividing attention to two or more tasks or activities performed at the same time |
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Additional States |
States of unconsciousness altered states of conscious
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States of Unconsciousness |
states in which we are relatively unaware of our external surroundings |
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Altered States of Consciousness |
states of awareness that differ from one's usual waking or sleeping state |
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States of Unconscious |
circadian rhythm sleep cycle stages of sleep REM sleep |
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Circadian Rhythm |
-a pattern of fluctuation in bodily processes that occurs regularly each day -sleep-wake cycle operates on a circadian rhythm-close to 24 hours in length [jet lag is a disruption of sleep-wake cycle] |
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Sleep Cycle |
alert wakefulness relaxed wakefulness |
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Alert Wakefulness |
state of focused attention or active thought |
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Relaxed Wakefulness |
state of resting quietly with eyes closed |
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Stages of Sleep |
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 REM sleep |
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Stage 1 Sleep |
Light sleep from which a person can be easily awakened |
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Stage 2 Sleep |
deeper sleep, but the sleeper is still readily awakened |
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Stage 3 Sleep |
deep sleep (DELTA or slow-wave sleep) from which it is difficult to arouse the sleeper |
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Stage 4 Sleep |
deepest level of sleep |
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REM Sleep |
-after stage 4 sleep, briefly cycle through stages 3 and 2, before entering REM sleep [stage most associated with dreaming] -brain becomes more active while muscle activity is blocked -person becomes practically paralyzed -also called 'paradoxal sleep'
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Altering Consciousness Through Drugs |
psychoactive drugs depressants alcohol |
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Psychoactive Drugs |
chemical substances that act on the brain to affect emotional of mental states |
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Drug Abuse |
-maladaptive or dangerous use of a chemical substance -considered drug abuse if drug impairs one's health or ability to function OR becomes associated with dangerous behavior |
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Depressants |
-drugs that reduce central nervous system activity -induce feelings of relaxation and provides relief from stress -highly addictive -dangerous if mixed with other drugs -high doses can kill |
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Alcohol |
-most abused depressant in the US -directly affects the brain -has disinhibiting effect *associated with many forms of aggression |
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Alcoholism |
- a chemical addiction characterized by: impaired control over the use of alcohol physiological dependence on alcohol -about 1 in 10 Americans suffers from alcoholism -only about 5% fit 'skid row'/homeless stereotype -develops between ages of 20 and 40 -can lead to physiological damage |
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Binge Drinking |
-Defined as having 5+ (men) or 4+ (women) drinks on one occasion -patterns of early drinking and binge drinking predictors of later alcoholism -binge drinkers 3x more likely to engage in unsafe and/or unplanned sex -binge drinking places person at risk of death from alcohol overdose -blackouts and seizures can occur |
