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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ankyl/o
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crooked or stiff
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arthr/o
articul/o |
joint
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brachi/o
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arm
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cervic/o
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neck
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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cost/o
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rib
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crani/o
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skull
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dactyl/o
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digit (finger or toe)
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fasci/o
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fascia (a band)
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femor/o
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femur
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fibr/o
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fiber
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kyph/o
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humped-back
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lei/o
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smooth
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lord/o
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bent
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lumb/o
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lower back
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myel/o
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bone marrow or spinal cord
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my/o
myos/o muscul/o |
muscle
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oste/o
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bone
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patell/o
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knee cap
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pelv/i
pel/o |
hip bone of pelvic cavity
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radi/o
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radius
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rhabd/o
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rod shaped or striated (skeletal)
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sarc/o
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flesh
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scoli/o
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twisted
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spondyl/o
vertebr/o |
vertebra
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stern/o
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sternum (breastbone)
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ten/o
tend/o tendin/o |
tendon (to stretch)
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thorac/o
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chest
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ton/o
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tone or tension
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uln/o
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ulna
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appendicular skeleton
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bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities
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axial skeleton
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bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid bone
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bone
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specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes forming the skeleton
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compact bone
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tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending
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spongy bone
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mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run
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long bones
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bones of arms and legs
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short bones
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bones of wrist and ankles
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flat bones
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bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull
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irregular bones
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bones of vertebrae and face
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sesamoid bones
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round bones found near joints
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epiphysis
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wide ends of a long bone
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diaphysis
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shaft of a long bone
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metaphysis
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growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone
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endosteum
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membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone
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medullary cavity
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cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
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bone marrow
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soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones
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red bone marrow
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functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets
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yellow bone marrow
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gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones
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periosteum
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a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone
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articular cartilage
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a gristlelike substance on bones where they articulate
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articulation
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a joint
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bursa
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a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones, lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid
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disk
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a flat platelike structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertebrae to reduce friction
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nucleus pulposus
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soft fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk
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ligament
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a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone
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synovial membrane
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membrane lining the capsule of a joint
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synovial fluid
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joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
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muscle
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tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of and organ or part of the body
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striated (skeletal) muscle
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voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton
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smooth muscle
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involuntary muscle found in internal organs
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origin of a muscle
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muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts
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insertion of a muscle
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muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts
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tendon
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a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
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fascia
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a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
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body planes
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reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts
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coronal (frontal) plane
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vertical division of the body in front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
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sagittal plane
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vertical division of the body into right and left portions
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transverse plane
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horizontal division of the body into upper and lower positions
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anterior
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front of the body
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posterior
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back of the body
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anterior posterior (AP)
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from front to back
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posterior anterior (PA)
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from back to front
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superior (cephalic)
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situated above another structure, toward the head
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inferior (caudal)
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situated below another structure
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proximal
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toward the beginning or origin of a structure
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distal
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away from the beginning or origin of a structure
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medial
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toward the middle (midline)
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lateral
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toward the side
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erect
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normal standing position
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decubitus
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lying down
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prone
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lying face down and flat
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recumbent
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lying down
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supine
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horizontal recumbant, lying flat on the back
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flexion
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bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased
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extension
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straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased
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abduction
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movement away from the body
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adduction
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movement toward the body
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rotation
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circular movement
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eversion
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turning outward
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inversion
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turning inward
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supination
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turning upward or forward of the palmar surface
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pronation
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turning downward or backward of the palmar surface or plantar surface
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dorsiflexion
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bending of the foot or the toes upward
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plantar flexion
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bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
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goniometer
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instrument used to measure joint angles
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anklyosis
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stiff joint condition
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arthritis
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inflammation of the joints
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osteoarthritis
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most common form of arthritis, characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage
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rheumatoid arthritis
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most crippling form of arthritis, characterized by chronic, systemic inflammation of most often affecting joints and synovial membranes
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gouty arthritis
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acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint
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bony necrosis
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bone tissue that has died from loss of blood supply
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bunion
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swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa
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bursitis
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inflammation of a bursa
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chondromalacia
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softening of cartilage
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epiphysitis
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inflammation of epiphyseal regions of the long bone
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fracture
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broken or cracked bone
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closed fracture
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broken bone with no open wound
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open fracture
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compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound
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simple fracture
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a nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair
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complex fracture
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a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair
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comminuted fracture
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broken into many little pieces
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greenstick fracture
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bending and incomplete break of a bone-mostly seen in children
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herniated disk
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protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes
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myeloma
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bone marrow tumor
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myositis
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inflammation of muscle
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myoma
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muscle tumor
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leiomyoma
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smooth muscle tumor
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leiomyosarcoma
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malignant smooth muscle tumor
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rhabdomyoma
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skeletal muscle tumor
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rhabdomyosarcoma
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malignant skeletal muscle tumor
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muscular dystrophy
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genetically transmitted disease charaterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles
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osteoma
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bone tumor
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osteosarcoma
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malignant bone tumor
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osteomalacia
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softening of the bnoe
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rickets
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osteomalacia in children
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osteomylitis
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bone or bone marrow inflammation
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osteoporosis
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condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity
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kyphosis
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abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine
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lordosis
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abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine
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scoliosis
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abnormal lateral curvature
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spondylolisthesis
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forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra
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spondylosis
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stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae
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sprain
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injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma
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subluxation
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a partial dislocation
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tendinitis
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inflammation of a tendon
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arthrogram
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a radiograph of a joint taken after injection of a contrast medium
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sonography
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use of high frequency sound waves to make an image of tissues or structures
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amputation
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partial or complete removal of a limb
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arthrocentesis
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puncture of a joint
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arthrodesis
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binding or fusing of joint surfaces
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arthroplasty
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repair or reconstruction of a joint
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arthroscopy
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using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from within
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bone grafting
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transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another to repair a skeletal defect
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bursectomy
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excision of a bursa
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myoplasty
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repair of a muscle
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osteotomy
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an incision into bone
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osteoplasty
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repair of bone
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spondylosyndesis
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spinal fusion
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tenotomy
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division by incision of a tendon to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle
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orthosis
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use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bone's position or to provide limb support
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prosthesis
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an artificial replacement for a missing body part
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analgesic
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a drug that relieves pain
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narcotic
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a potent analgesic with addictive properties
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antipyretic
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a drug that relieves fever
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