Chapter 4

Front 1

knowledge

Back 1

information about the world that is stored in memory, information about the world that is likely to be true, that you
have justification for believing, and that is coherent

Front 2

categorization

Back 2

categorization is the ability to establish that a perceived entity belongs to a particular group of things that share key characteristics

Front 3

inferences

Back 3

derive information not explicitly present in a single member of a category but available because of knowledge of the characteristics of the group or groups to which it belongs.

Front 4

action

Back 4

knowledge allows you to know how to respond to a given situation, how to act

Front 5

perception

Back 5

knowledge affects our perception. leart versus heart example

Front 6

language

Back 6

memory, knowledge allows us to form sentences, speak ourselves following complex grammar rules, and understand those around us

Front 7

representations

Back 7

a key aspect in thought, something that stands for some other object, event, or thought

Front 8

criterion for representations

Back 8

intentionality, information-carrying,

Front 9

intentionality criterion

Back 9

a representation must be constructed intentionally to stand for something else.

Front 10

information-carrying criterion

Back 10

a representation must carry information
about what it stands for.

Front 11

formats of representations

Back 11

the type of its code. refers to the elements that make up a
representation and how these elements are arranged. also relies on characteristics of the processes that operate on them to extract information

Front 12

feature

Back 12

a meaningful sensory aspect of a perceived stimulus.

Front 13

frames

Back 13

structures, rather like algebraic expressions, that specify a set of relations that links objects in the environment.

Front 14

semantic networks

Back 14

represents relations and objects in diagram form

Front 15

property lists

Back 15

names the characteristics of the entities belonging to a category

Front 16

simulation

Back 16

statistical pattern can reactivate image and feature information even after the original scene is no longer present

Front 17

convergence zone theory

Back 17

a population of conjunctive neurons that associates feature information within a
modality. these patterns integrate information from image and feature analyses within a given modality, such as vision

Front 18

modality switching

Back 18

a process in which attention is shifted from one modality to another

Front 19

exemplars

Back 19

memories of individual category members

Front 20

rule

Back 20

a precise definition of the criteria for a category

Front 21

prototype

Back 21

simply specifies what properties are most likelyto be true of a category

Front 22

background knowledge

Back 22

specifies how properties originate, why they are important, and how they are related to one another

Front 23

schema

Back 23

structured
representation that captures the information that typically applies to a situation or
event

Front 24

dynamic representation

Back 24

the ability of the cognitive system to construct, and call on as necessary, many different representations of a category, each emphasizing the category knowledge currently most
relevant.

Front 25

ontological types

Back 25

the study of being or the essence of things

Front 26

taxonomy

Back 26

a set of nested categories that vary in abstraction, each nested category a subset of its higher order category

Front 27

motor cogntition

Back 27

mental processing in which the motor system draws on stored information to plan and produce our own actions, as well as to anticipate, predict, and interpret the actions of others

Front 28

movement versus action

Back 28

a voluntary displacement of a body part in physical space, a series of movements that must be accomplished in order to reach a goal

Front 29

perception-action cycle

Back 29

the transformation of perceived patterns into coordinated patterns of movements

Front 30

intentions

Back 30

mental plans designed to achieve a goal through action

Front 31

shared motor representations

Back 31

our ability mentally to represent actions made by other people

Front 32

motor imagery

Back 32

mentally simulating an intended action without actually producing it

Front 33

motor priming

Back 33

the effect whereby watching a movement or an action facilitates making a similar motor response oneself

Front 34

motor program

Back 34

the representation of a sequence of movements that is planned in advance of actual performance

Front 35

motor anticipation

Back 35

the set of processing operations required to prepare a motor program

Front 36

kinematic pattern

Back 36

the pattern of motion