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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATP, adenosine triphosphate
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high-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cell can use.
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ADP, adenosine diphosphate
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low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP.
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chemosynthesis
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process by which ATP is synthesized by using chemicals as an energy source instead of light.
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photosynthesis
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process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water
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chlorophyll
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light-absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms.
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thylakoid
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membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
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light-dependent reactions
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part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions.
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light-independent reactions
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part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates.
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photosystem
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series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane.
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electron transport chain
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series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons.
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ATP synthase
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enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
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Calvin cycle
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process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide.
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cellular respiration
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process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present.
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aerobic
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process that requires oxygen to occur.
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glycolysis
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anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two net ATP are produced.
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anaerobic
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process that does not require oxygen to occur.
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Krebs cycle
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process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules that are used in the electron transport chain.
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fermentation
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anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis.
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lactic acid
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product of fermentation in many types of cells including human muscle cells.
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