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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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solution
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
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solute
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the substance in a solution present in a smaller amount
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solvent
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the substance in a solution present in a larger amount
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aqueous solution
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a solution whose solute is a liquid or a solid but whose solvent is water
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electrolyte
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a substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity
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nonelectrolyte
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does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water
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hydration
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the process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner
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precipitation reaction
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results in the formation of an insoluble product, or precipitate
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metathesis reaction
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a reaction that involves the exchange of parts between two compounds
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solubility
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measure of the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature
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reversible reaction
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a reaction which can occur in both directions
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molecular equation
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the formulas of the compound written as though all species existed as molecules of whole units
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ionic equations
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shows dissolved species as free ions
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spectator ions
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ions that are not involved in the overall reaction
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net ionic equation
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shows only the species that actually take part in the reaction
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Bronsted acid
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a proton donor
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Bronsted base
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a proton acceptor
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monoprotic acids
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each unit of the acid yields one hydrogen ion upon ionization
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diprotic acid
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each unit of the acid gives up two H+ ions
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triprotic acids
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each unit of acid gives up three H+ ions
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neutralization reaction
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a reaction between an acid and a base
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salt
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an ionic compound made up of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or Osuperscript2-
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oxidation-reduction or redox reaction
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electron transfer reactions
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half-reaction
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a step in a redox reaction which explicitly shows the electrons involved
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oxidation reaction
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the half-reaction that involves loss of electrons
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reduction reaction
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half-reaction that involves gain of electrons
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reducing agent
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substance in a redox reaction which donates an electron
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oxidizing agent
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substance in a redox reaction which accepts electrons
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oxidation number or oxidation state
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signifies the number of charges the atom would have in a molecule (or an ionic compound) if electrons were transferred completely
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combination reaction
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a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product
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decomposition reaction
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the breakdown of a compound into two or more components
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combustion reaction
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a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen, usually with the release of heat and light to produce a flame
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displacement reaction
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an ion (or atom) in a compound is replaced by an ion (or atom) of another element
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disproportionation reaction
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an element in one oxidation state is simultaneously oxidized and reduced
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concentration of a solution
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the amount of a solute present in a given amount of solvent or a given amount of solution
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molarity or moral concentration
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the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
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quantitative analysis
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the determination of the amount or concentration o f a substance in a sample
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gravimetric analysis
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an analytical technique based on the measurement of mass
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standard solution
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a solution of accurately known concentration
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titration
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the process of slowly adding standard solution to a solution of unknown concentration until the reaction is complete
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equivalence point
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the point at which the acid has completely reacted with or been neutralized by the base
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indicators
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substances that have distinctly different colors in acidic and basic media
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molarity calculation
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moles of solute/liters of solution
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dilution of solution
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MiVi=MfVf
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